Modernity & Late Modernity

• What was discussed in the previous video?

  Theoretical debate on post-modern era
• What do some sociologists argue about modernity?

  We are still in an era of modernity
• What is late modernity referred to as?

  A unique time between modernity and post-modernity
• How is modernity typically defined?

  Period following the enlightenment project
• What significant shift does modernity represent?

  From religion towards science and democracy
• What period is most evident in modernity?

  Post-industrial revolution in Western Europe
• What characterized the modern era according to Bell and Newbie?

  Mass industrialization and urbanization
• What economic shift occurred during the modern era?

  Shift from agriculture to manufacturing
• What social class grew during the modern era?

  The middle classes
• Who examined changes in society during the modern era?

  Marx, Weber, and Durkheim
• What did Weber suggest about modernity?

  It includes changes in social attitudes
• What did Weber highlight about spirituality in modernity?

  Movement towards scientific rationality
• What role did bureaucracy play in the modern era?

  Organized large organizations efficiently
• What are examples of large organizations in the modern era?

  Welfare state, NHS, education system
• What change did Parsons highlight in family structures?

  Shift from extended to nuclear families
• What evidence suggests we are still in the modern era?

  Traditional family structures remain adapted
• What has happened to social mobility since the 1990s?

  It has stagnated due to wage control
• What meta narratives are still relevant in society?

  Marxism and feminism highlight inequalities
• How is racial inequality described in contemporary society?

  It fluctuates dramatically in recent years
• What is a characteristic of Weber's ideas in modernity?

  Scientific rationality is prevalent in institutions
• What is a feature of the late modern era according to Giddens?

  Rapid social and economic changes
• How does Beck categorize late modern society?

  As increasingly characterized by risk
• What does Bauman refer to late modernity as?

  Liquid modernity
• What is a characteristic of late modernity?

  Increased individualism and personal goals
• What does reflexivity in late modernity imply?

  Individuals reflect on their choices and experiences
• How are interactions described in late modernity?

  Increased yet impersonal interactions
• What is a consequence of increased surveillance in late modernity?

  Monitoring of personal preferences and interests
• What do Giddens' concepts of pure relationships suggest?

  Relationships are guided by individual preference
• How have gender roles in relationships changed according to Beck?

  Greater parity and negotiation in relationships
• What does Bauman's idea of fluidity in relationships imply?

  Changing nature of identities and relationships
• What evidence supports the idea of late modernity?

  Increased individualism and serial monogamy
• What features highlight Beck's risk society?

  Insecurity in employment and gig economy
• What criticism exists regarding Bauman's fluid society?

  Class and gender structures still exist
• What question arises about late modernity's characteristics?

  Are they global or localized phenomena?
• What criticism does Elliot have regarding digital technologies?

  Access disparities in Asia and Africa
• What is a critical question about risk and capitalism?

  Is risk a product of capitalist ideas?
• What is the conclusion of the sociology topic video?

  Discussion on modernity and late modernity