In/Out- School Factors: Affecting Achievement

• What are the two types of factors sociologists examine for educational achievement?

  Internal and external factors
• Why do sociologists look at internal and external factors?

  To understand students' experiences in education
• How are external and internal factors related in educational achievement?

  They often influence each other
• What is one external factor influencing educational achievement?

  Material factors
• How do material factors affect students in school?

  They influence perceptions and resources
• What is cultural background in the context of education?

  Norms and values of social groups
• How might linguistic differences impact educational achievement?

  They can create advantages or disadvantages
• What influences parental attitudes towards education?

  Social class, gender, and ethnicity
• How does gender socialization affect education?

  It reinforces typical gender roles
• What is the impact of racism on educational achievement?

  It disadvantages minority ethnic groups
• How do subcultural attitudes influence educational aspirations?

  They shape members' goals and expectations
• What is the significance of teacher-pupil interactions?

  They can lead to labeling and stereotyping
• What external factors might influence student placement in sets?

  Social class and prior achievement
• How does institutional racism affect education?

  It disadvantages non-white ethnic groups
• What is the feminization of education?

  Increased focus on female-oriented subjects
• How do external factors influence curriculum content?

  They determine what is taught in schools
• Who proposed the concepts of restricted and elaborated codes?

  Bernstein
• How do restricted and elaborated codes affect students?

  They influence communication in school
• What is the impact of labeling on student achievement?

  It can affect students' self-perception
• How does the habitus affect student behavior in school?

  It clashes with the school's cultural framework
• How does parental knowledge influence children's education?

  It affects engagement with school subjects
• How do stereotypes affect teacher perceptions of students?

  They influence views on ability and behavior
• How do traditional gender roles manifest in education?

  They influence subject choices and teacher roles
• What is the crisis of masculinity in education?

  Lower expectations for boys in school
• How do anti-school subcultures reflect external attitudes?

  They replicate working-class subcultural attitudes
• How does the feminization of education affect boys' career choices?

  It leads to less interest in education
• What are the key interactions between internal and external factors in education?

  • Material factors influence perceptions in school
  • Cultural background affects classroom performance
  • Linguistic differences create advantages or disadvantages
  • Parental attitudes shape children's socialization
  • Racism impacts minority groups' achievements
  • Subcultural attitudes influence educational aspirations
• What are the implications of labeling in education?

  • Labels can affect self-esteem and behavior
  • Teacher perceptions may be influenced by stereotypes
  • Labels can lead to tracking and streaming
  • Negative labels can perpetuate underachievement
• How do traditional gender roles influence education?

  • Male teachers often teach science and math
  • Female teachers are more likely in humanities
  • Gender stereotypes affect subject choices
  • Expectations for boys and girls vary based on societal changes
• What are the effects of institutional racism in education?

  • Non-white students face disadvantages
  • Stereotypes influence teacher expectations
  • Curriculum may not reflect diverse histories
  • School policies can perpetuate inequalities
• How do external factors shape curriculum content?

  • External agencies influence what is taught
  • Parental knowledge affects engagement with subjects
  • Societal values shape educational priorities
  • Historical context impacts curriculum decisions