Humans

• a balanced diet is having the correct proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water
• age, activity levels and pregnancy are factors that affect the amount of energy we need
• digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food, it converts large soluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood
• peristalsis is wave like muscle contractions that allows food to go down
• in the mouth, the enzyme found is amylase
• in the stomach, hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme) is found
• bile neutralizes and emulsifies fat by turning large fat droplets to small fat droplets which creates a larger surface area for lipase to work on
• in the duodenum, more enzymes break down into smaller molecules
• in the ileum, any food not absorbed is absorbed into the blood
• carbohydrates provide energy
• proteins help build and repair muscles and bones
• lipids store energy
• vitamin A helps with vision and immune system function
• vitamin C helps heal wounds
• vitamin d helps the body absorb calcium
• iron is required for the formation of haemoglobin
• the salivary glands produce saliva to lubricate the food
• the epiglottis stops swallowed food from going to the lungs
• the esophagus is a passage for food by peristalsis to the stomach
• the stomach stores food and contains acid and enzymes to digest food
• the small intestine is where further digestion happens then food is digested into the blood
• the large intestine reabsorbs water and soluble vitamins and minerals
• the rectum stores faeces
• the anus is where feces is removed from the body
• the liver produces bile
• the gall bladder stores bile
• the pancreas produces enzymes that help digest food which are secreted into the small intestine
• coeliac id a condition caused by gluten consumption. it damages your small intestine reducing absorption
• the effects of coeliac are: less growth, reduction is surface area, less absorption of nutrients and less respirtaion
• the villi size are reduced in a person with coeliac