Emotion

• What does emotion refer to in humans?

  Affective state like happy or sad
• How can both positive and negative emotions affect perception?

  They influence how we perceive stimuli
• What is perceptual defence?

  Taking longer to perceive negative stimuli
• Who conducted a study on emotion and perception in 1949?

  McGinnies
• What was the sample size in McGinnies' study?

  16 student participants
• How many male and female participants were in McGinnies' study?

  8 male and 8 female
• What type of words were shown to participants in the study?

  Neutral/pleasant and unpleasant/mildly offensive
• What was the method used to assess emotional reaction in participants?

  Galvanic skin response (GSR) detector
• What did participants take longer to recognize in the study?

  Taboo words compared to neutral words
• What conclusion did McGinnies draw from his study?

  Perceptual defence prevented quick recognition
• What are the strengths of McGinnies' study on emotion and perception?

  • Uses objective biological measure (GSR)
  • Free of demand characteristics
  • Useful applications in advertising and education
• What are the weaknesses of McGinnies' study?

  • Results may be due to embarrassment
  • Difficulty in measuring emotion accurately
  • Responses may be influenced by other factors