ultrasound

• What is the frequency range of ultrasound?

  Above 20,000 Hertz
• How do some animals like bats use ultrasound?

  For communication or echolocation
• How do humans produce ultrasound?

  Using electrical devices
• What happens when ultrasound hits a boundary between two different mediums?

  Some waves are reflected and some are transmitted
• What is the process called when only some ultrasound waves are reflected at a boundary?

  Partial reflection
• How can we determine the distance to a boundary using ultrasound?

  By knowing the speed of sound and the time taken for reflection
• Why is ultrasound considered safe for use in medical imaging?

  It does not involve radiation
• What is a common application of ultrasound in medicine?

  Scanning fetuses
• How does an ultrasound device work in prenatal scanning?

  It transmits and receives sound waves to create images of the fetus
• What happens to ultrasound waves when they pass from one medium to another in prenatal scanning?

  Some waves are reflected back, and others are transmitted and refracted
• How can ultrasound be used in industrial imaging?

  To check the quality of products by detecting cracks
• What indicates a fault in an object during industrial ultrasound testing?

  Unexpected reflected waves from cracks
• What is echo sounding also known as?

  Sonar
• How do boats use ultrasound in sonar?

  To detect submarines and measure distances to the seafloor
• If a submarine fires a pulse of ultrasound traveling at $1400 \text{ m/s}$ and detects reflected waves after $6 \text{ seconds}$, what is the total distance traveled by the waves?


  $8400 \text{ meters}$
• What is the actual distance from the submarine to the seafloor if the total distance traveled by the ultrasound waves is $8400 \text{ meters}$?


  $4200 \text{ meters}$
• What are the main applications of ultrasound technology?

  • Prenatal scanning
  • Industrial imaging
  • Sonar for detecting objects underwater
• What are the key processes involved in ultrasound imaging?

  1. Production of ultrasound waves
  2. Interaction with boundaries (partial reflection)
  3. Detection of reflected waves
  4. Calculation of distances based on speed and time
  5. Image processing to visualize internal structures