[57] Cicero’s return from exile (helped by Pompey and others)
[57] Pompey’s 5 year control to stabilise the corn supply, supported by Cicero
[57] Crassus and Pompey (and others) begin to vie for the appointment to restore Ptolemy Auletes to the throne in Egypt.
[57] Gangs and rioting in Rome
[56] Cicero makes political statement at trial of Sestius to attempt to restate the case for consensus politics; he also attacks Vatinius for his lack of loyalty to the Republic
[56] Cicero attacks the Campanian land bill
[56] Luca conference
[56] Cicero’s flattering speech towards Caesar, supporting his extended command, and payment of troops.
[56] Return of Cato
[55] 2nd consulship of Pompey and Crassus
[55] Caesar’s 5 yr extension to his command in Gaul
[55] Pompey granted 5 yr command of Spain to govern in absentia
[55] Crassus in Syria
[55] Gabinius illegally restores Ptolemy Auletes to Egypt
[55] Cicero acts for the triumvirate
[54] Cicero forced to defend Vatinius, an adherent of Caesar
[54] Cicero withdraws and spends time writing on oratory and philosophy
[54] Death of Julia
[54] Pompey in Rome (governing Spain in absentia)
[54] Caesar in Gaul and Britain
[54] Crassus in Syria for Parthian campaign
[55] Crassus in Syria
[54] Cato’s praetorship
[53] Death of Crassus at Carrhae fighting against Parthians
[52] No consuls elected due to violence – no elections held for state positions
[52] Pompey given emergency powers as sole consul
[52] Clodius killed by rival gang leader, Milo (working for Pompey
[52] Cicero unsuccessfully defends Milo on charge of murder
[52] Pompey marries again to the daughter of conservative Quintus Metellus Scipio
[52] Cicero given immediate proconsulship in Cilicia
[52] Key legislation and political manoeuvring anticipating the end of Caesar’s command