40's BC

• [49] Outbreak of Civil War: Caesar crosses the Rubicon, senate’s evacuation from Rome
• [49] Cicero deliberates for 6 months before joining Pompey
• [48] Caesar’s second consulship
• [48] Caesar’s dictatorship (11 days)
• [48] Pompey and Republican armies defeated at Pharsalus (August)
• [48] Pompey killed in Egypt
• [47] Caesar’s dictatorship in absentia; then his mission in N. Africa to deal with anti-Caesarians under Cato
• [46] Cato’s suicide after defeat at Thapsus
• [46] Caesar’s dictatorship and third consulship
• [46] Caesar's march to Spain to deal with last anti-Caesarians
• [45] Caesar’s defeat of the last of the Pompeians at Munda, Spain
• [45] Caesar’s return to Rome for honours, end of the Civil war
• [45] Caesar’s dictatorship and fourth consulship
• [44] Caesar as dictator perpetuo
• [44] Caesar’s assassination on 15th March (Ides)
• [44] Naming of Octavian as heir and his return from Epirus
• [44] Antony’s command of Gaul
• [44] Cicero’s first Philippics (speeches against Antony)
• [43] Civil War (Antony vs Octavian)
• [43] Antony as enemy of the state
• [43] Siege of Mutina
• [43] Death of consuls Hirtius and Pansa
• [43] Octavian occupies Rome and assumes consulship (August)
• [43] Formation of 2nd triumvirate (Octavian, Antony and Lepidus) (Nov)
• [43] Proscriptions; Death of Cicero (7th December)