L4 | SPEECH ACTS
Cards (12)
- SPEECH ACT
- An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect
- Functions which are carried out using speech acts are offering an apology, greeting, request, complaint. Invitation, compliment, or refusal.
- SPEECH ACT
- developed by John L. Austin, a British philosopher of languages, in 1962 in his well-known book of ‘How to do things with words’.
- functional unit in communication (Austin, 1962).
- 3 TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
- locutionary act
- illocutionary act
- perlocutionary act
- LOCUTIONARY ACT
- What we say ; literal
- Happens with the utterances of a sound, a word or even a phrase as a natural unit of speech.
- ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
- Social function of what is said
- Not just saying something itself but with the act of saying something within the intention of:
- Stating an opinion, conforming or denying something
- Making a prediction, a promise, a request
- Issuing an order or a decision
- Giving advice or permission
- PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
- Resulting act of what is said; what the hearer does in response to the utterance
- Consequent effect of what was said
- Based on the particular context in which the speech act was mentioned.
- CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACT
- assertive
- directive
- commissive
- expressive
- declaration
- ASSERTIVE
- speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition.
- Examples include suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, and concluding
- DIRECTIVE
- speaker tries to make the addressee act such as asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging
- COMMISSIVE
- commits the speaker to doing something in the future.
- Commissive acts: promising, planning, vowing, and betting.
- EXPRESSIVE
- Expressing the mental state of the speaker about an event presumed to be true.
- speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions.
- DECLARATION
- act that brings a change in the external situation.
- Bringing into existence the state of affairs to which it refers