Paging, segmentation and virtual memory

• What are the main topics discussed in the video on memory management?

  Memory management, paging, segmentation, and virtual memory
• What happens when a computer first starts up regarding memory?

  The operating system is loaded into memory, followed by applications and programs
• If program C has been closed, what happens to its memory space?

  The memory used by program C is released
• Why might program E not fit into the available spaces in main memory?

  There is enough total free space, but it is not contiguous
• What is one solution to make space for program E in memory?

  Move the location of program D to create contiguous free space
• What are the two main strategies for dividing memory into smaller sections?

  Paging and segmentation
• How does paging divide memory?

  Memory is divided into fixed sizes called pages
• What is a disadvantage of paging in memory management?

  It can separate related instructions into different parts of memory
• How does segmentation differ from paging?

  Segmentation divides memory based on logical divisions, not fixed sizes
• What happens when program F arrives and cannot fit into the available spaces?

  Segmentation can split the program into two parts to fit into free space
• What are the similarities and differences between paging and segmentation?

  Similarities:

  • Both divide memory into smaller sections

  
  

  Differences:

  • Paging uses fixed sizes; segmentation uses logical divisions
  • Paging can separate related instructions; segmentation keeps them together
• What is virtual memory?

  Virtual memory allows programs to run when RAM is full by using hard disk space
• Why is virtual memory necessary in modern computers?

  Because it allows more programs to run than can fit in RAM
• What happens when RAM runs out of space while executing programs?

  Instructions not being used can be transferred to virtual memory on the hard disk
• How does the use of virtual memory give the impression of more memory than physically available?

  It allows programs to be swapped in and out of RAM as needed
• What is the impact of running out of memory on a computer's performance?

  It can slow down the computer as it relies on virtual memory
• How does a computer handle running out of memory?

  • Uses virtual memory to store inactive instructions
  • Swaps out programs from RAM to make space
  • Allows more programs to appear to run simultaneously