BIOS

• What does BIOS stand for?

  Basic Input Output System
• How does the BIOS differ from the operating system?

  The BIOS is responsible for loading the operating system, while the operating system controls hardware and software.
• What is the purpose of the power-on self-test (POST)?

  To check that all necessary hardware is connected and functioning properly.
• If a computer's hard disk is corrupted, what can be done through the BIOS?

  You can configure the BIOS to boot from an external USB port or an optical drive.
• What is the bootstrap in the context of BIOS?

  A boot program used to load the operating system kernel into memory.
• Where are the initial startup instructions for a computer stored?

  In ROM (Read-Only Memory).
• How are BIOS settings stored?

  In flash memory, allowing them to be changed and retained when power is off.
• What is the relationship between BIOS and ROM?

  BIOS instructions are stored in ROM.
• What happens during the initial startup of a computer?

  The ROM fetches instructions and runs the power-on self-test.
• What does the bootloader program do after control is passed from ROM?

  It carries out checks on the hardware and prepares the boot file.
• What is the role of the operating system during the boot process?

  It takes control and searches for necessary files to fully boot up.
• What is a typical file that the operating system may look for during booting?

  config.sys
• How does the BIOS allow for recovery from a corrupted operating system?

  By enabling booting from alternative drives like USB or optical drives.
• Why might the boot process differ between systems?

  Because different systems may use different files and configurations.
• What is the significance of the command.com file?

  It contains additional information about BIOS and operating system utilities.
• What type of memory is used for BIOS settings?

  Flash memory
• What does the term 'volatile' refer to in the context of CPU registers?

  It means that the data is lost when power is turned off.
• How does the BIOS interact with the CPU during startup?

  It clears the CPU registers and prepares for the boot process.
• What is the role of CMOS RAM in relation to BIOS?

  It stores BIOS settings and configuration data.
• What is the first action taken by the ROM when the computer is powered on?

  It runs the power-on self-test (POST).
• What happens to the control after the bootloader program completes its checks?

  Control is passed to the operating system.
• How does the BIOS facilitate the booting process from different drives?

  By allowing configuration of the boot order in BIOS settings.
• What is the final outcome of the boot process?

  The operating system is fully booted and takes control of the computer.
• What is the typical file extension for configuration files in an operating system?

  .sys
• Why is it important for the BIOS to check hardware during startup?

  To ensure all necessary components are present and functioning.
• What does the term 'boot file' refer to in the context of BIOS?

  It is the file of information sent to main memory to load the operating system.
• What is the significance of the operating system taking control after booting?

  It allows the user to interact with the computer and run applications.
• What is the role of the BIOS in the boot process?

  To load the operating system and check hardware functionality.
• How does the BIOS contribute to system recovery?

  By allowing booting from alternative drives to recover from corruption.
• What is the relationship between the BIOS and the bootloader?

  The BIOS initializes the bootloader, which then loads the operating system.
• What is the purpose of the command.com file in the boot process?

  It provides additional information about BIOS and operating system utilities.
• What is the typical function of the config.sys file?

  It specifies how many files can be opened and which device drivers to load.
• Why is it important for the BIOS to retain settings when power is off?

  To allow users to configure the system without losing settings.
• How does the BIOS ensure a smooth transition to the operating system?

  By performing checks and loading necessary files before handoff.
• What is the significance of the term 'kernel' in relation to the operating system?

  The kernel is the core component that manages system resources and communication.
• What is the primary function of the BIOS?

  To load the operating system and perform hardware checks.
• How does the BIOS interact with the CPU during the boot process?

  It clears the CPU registers and prepares for the boot process.
• What is the relationship between BIOS, ROM, and the boot process?


  BIOS instructions are stored in ROM and are executed during the boot process.