❤️ respi

• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  To provide an airway for air movement and facilitate gas exchange.
• How does the respiratory system contribute to gas exchange?

  It allows atmospheric oxygen to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to diffuse out.
• What systems work together for gas exchange in the body?

  The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together for gas exchange.
• What are the objectives of the lesson on the respiratory system?

  To locate organs, describe their structure and function, trace air path, explain ventilation, define lung volumes, and discuss blood CO2 levels.
• What is respiration?

  It is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.
• What are the three basic processes of respiration?

  • Ventilation (breathing)
  • External (pulmonary) respiration
  • Internal (tissue) respiration
• What structures make up the respiratory system?

  The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
• What distinguishes the upper respiratory system from the lower respiratory system?

  The upper respiratory system includes the nose and pharynx, while the lower includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
• What is the conducting system of the respiratory system?

  It consists of cavities and tubes that conduct air into the lungs.
• What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

  It is where gas exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
• What is the medical field that deals with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat?

  Otorhinolaryngology.
• What is the structure of the external portion of the nose?

  It is made of cartilage and skin, lined with mucous membrane.
• What are the openings to the exterior of the nose called?

  External nares.
• What is the function of the interior structures of the nose?

  To warm, moisten, and filter incoming air, receive olfactory stimuli, and modify speech sounds.
• What is rhinoplasty?

  A surgical procedure to alter the structure of the external nose.
• What are the anatomical regions of the pharynx?

  The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
• How do the functions of the nasopharynx differ from those of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

  The nasopharynx functions in respiration, while the oropharynx and laryngopharynx function in both digestion and respiration.
• What is a tonsillectomy?

  The surgical removal of the tonsils.
• What is the role of the larynx?

  It connects the pharynx with the trachea and contains structures for voice production.
• What cartilage is commonly known as the Adam's apple?

  Thyroid cartilage.
• What prevents food from entering the larynx?

  The epiglottis.
• What are vocal folds also known as?

  True vocal cords.
• How do taut vocal folds affect sound production?

  They produce high pitches.
• What is laryngitis and what causes it?

  It is an inflammation of the larynx usually caused by respiratory infection or irritants.
• What is the trachea commonly referred to as?

  The windpipe.
• Where does the trachea extend from and to?

  From the larynx to the primary bronchi.
• What is the composition of the trachea?

  It is composed of smooth muscle and C-shaped rings of cartilage, lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
• What is the function of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

  They keep the airway open.
• How do the cilia in the trachea function?

  They sweep debris away from the lungs and back to the throat to be swallowed.
• What are two methods of bypassing obstructions in the respiratory passageways?

  Tracheostomy and intubation.
• What do the right and left pulmonary bronchi branch from?

  The trachea.
• What does the bronchial tree consist of?

  It consists of the trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
• How does the histology of the bronchial tree change?

  The mucus membrane changes from ciliated pseudostratified epithelium to non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium in the smallest bronchioles.
• What happens to the cartilage as you move down the bronchial tree?

  The C-rings of the trachea are replaced by plates of cartilage, which eventually disappear in the bronchioles.
• What happens to the amount of smooth muscle as cartilage decreases in the bronchial tree?

  The amount of smooth muscle increases.
• Where are the lungs located?

  In the thoracic cavity, enclosed and protected by the pleural membrane.
• What are the two layers of the pleural membrane?

  The parietal pleura (outer layer) and visceral pleura (inner layer).
• What is the function of the pleural cavity?

  It contains a serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction during breathing.
• What is pneumothorax?

  It is the filling of the pleural cavity with air due to chest wall injury.
• How many lobes does the right lung have?

  Three lobes.