maintaining the body's water balance

• What hormone is used to control the water level in the blood?

  ADH
• What is the role of ADH in the kidneys?

  ADH makes kidney tubules more permeable to water
• What happens to ADH levels when the blood becomes too concentrated?

  The pituitary gland releases more ADH
• How does the body respond when the blood water level returns to normal?

  The pituitary gland stops releasing ADH
• What is a negative feedback cycle in the context of blood water levels?

  It is a process where the body regulates water levels by adjusting ADH release
• What happens when a person drinks a large amount of water?

  The pituitary gland stops releasing ADH
• What is kidney dialysis used for?

  It is used to adjust levels of water, ions, and urea in patients with kidney failure
• What does the semipermeable membrane in kidney dialysis allow to pass through?

  Urea, ions, and water
• Why is dialysis fluid refreshed during kidney dialysis?

  To maintain a large concentration gradient for urea
• What happens to the concentrations of water and ions in the patient's blood during dialysis?

  They return to normal
• What are the disadvantages of kidney dialysis?

  It is inconvenient and requires frequent hospital visits
• What is a major advantage of kidney transplants over dialysis?

  Patients can lead a normal life
• What is a potential issue with kidney transplants?

  The donated kidney may be rejected by the immune system
• How do the costs of kidney dialysis and kidney transplants compare?

  Dialysis is expensive long-term, while transplants are only expensive initially
• What must kidney transplant patients do for the rest of their lives?

  Take anti-rejection drugs
• What are the key processes involved in kidney dialysis?

  • Blood passes over a semipermeable membrane
  • Urea, ions, and water diffuse into dialysis fluid
  • Dialysis fluid is refreshed to maintain concentration gradient
  • Concentrations of water and ions in blood return to normal
• Compare the advantages and disadvantages of kidney dialysis and kidney transplants.

  Advantages of Dialysis:

  • No shortage of machines
  • Regular treatment available

  
  

  Disadvantages of Dialysis:

  • Frequent hospital visits
  • Controlled diet required
  • Long-term expense

  
  

  Advantages of Transplants:

  • Normal life possible

  
  

  Disadvantages of Transplants:

  • Shortage of donors
  • Risk of rejection
  • Initial high cost and lifelong medication