Urban issues & challenges

• What are the two main types of areas in the world?

  Rural and urban areas
• What characterizes rural areas?

  Small population density and large green spaces
• What types of work do rural people typically engage in?

  Agriculture, tourism, or local shops
• What characterizes urban areas?

  Large population density and limited green spaces
• Where do urban residents typically work?

  Offices, factories, or city services
• What trend is observed in the global population regarding urban areas?

  More people are living in urban areas
• What does the infographic mentioned represent?

  Urban population in millions and percentages
• What percentage of the US population lives in urban areas?

  81%
• What percentage of the UK population lives in urban areas?

  90%
• What is the urban population percentage in Turkey?

  68%
• How do urban populations in LICs compare to HICs?

  LICs have smaller urban populations
• Why might a country with a small urban population still have large cities?

  It can have megacities with millions
• What is a megacity?

  A city with a population over 10 million
• Why are urban environments important to manage?

  They can have populations the size of countries
• What are the characteristics of HIC cities?

  • Influential economic and cultural centers
  • Major tourist attractions
  • Home to many TNC headquarters
• What are some examples of HIC cities?

  • London, UK
  • New York, USA
  • Reykjavik, Iceland
• What are the characteristics of LIC cities?

  • Developing quality of life and buildings
  • Smaller urban populations
  • Presence of shanty towns
• What is rural-urban migration?

  • Movement from rural areas to urban cities
  • Driven by push and pull factors

  
• What are push factors in rural-urban migration?

  Few job opportunities for unskilled workers
• What are pull factors in rural-urban migration?

  Better quality of life and work opportunities

  
• What is informal work?

  Temporary jobs with limited regulations
• What are examples of informal work?

  • Street sellers
  • House help and cleaners
  • Rag pickers
• Why do informal jobs not contribute to tax?

  They are often paid in cash
• What environmental challenge do urban cities face due to population growth?

  Increased air pollution from vehicles
• What are greenhouse emissions produced by car engines?

  Carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide
• How does air pollution impact health?

  It increases respiratory conditions like asthma
• How many people die from polluted air globally?

  5.5 million
• What waste challenges do growing urban populations face?

  • Increased household and industrial waste
  • Poor waste management leads to health issues
• What happens in squatter settlements regarding waste management?

  Residents abandon waste in the street
• What can happen if industries dispose of waste illegally?

  It can harm wildlife and humans
• Why is sewage management important in cities?

  To prevent contamination of waterways
• What happens in areas without proper sewage infrastructure?

  Sewage is dumped close to homes
• What services increase in demand as city populations grow?

  • Schools
  • Doctors
  • Dentists
• What do residents abandon in the street?

  Waste
• What can abandoning waste in the street encourage?

  Rats that spread disease
• Why might industries dispose of waste illegally?

  To avoid charges for waste removal
• What type of waste may be hazardous to wildlife and humans?

  Industrial waste
• What can polluting waterways with poisonous chemicals cause?

  Liver cancer if drunk
• Why must sewage be taken away from the city?

  To prevent contamination of waterways
• What disease can be caused by sewage contamination?

  Cholera