Changing Economic world

• What is the concept of development in the 21st Century?

  Access to essentials and opportunities
• How can development be measured?

  Using various indicators based on perspectives
• If you prioritize wealth in development, which indicators would you use?

  Economic indicators
• What is the difference between economic and social indicators?

  Economic indicators focus on wealth, social on health
• What are examples of economic indicators?

  • GNI per capita
  • Poverty line
• What does GNI per capita measure?

  Total money earned divided by population
• What is the poverty line defined as?

  People earning less than $1.90 per day
• How does the poverty line differ in the UK compared to Zimbabwe?

  0.2% in UK, over 70% in Zimbabwe
• What are examples of social indicators?

  • Life expectancy
  • Literacy rate
  • Infant mortality rate
• What does life expectancy estimate?

  How long a person is expected to live
• Why is infant mortality rate significant?

  It reflects healthcare quality and child vulnerability
• What are additional social indicators mentioned?

  Access to safe water, birth rates, death rates
• What are examples of environmental indicators?

  • Pollution levels
  • Area of woodland/green space
• What do pollution levels indicate?

  How wasteful and technologically advanced a country is
• What does the area of woodland/green space reflect?

  The government's attitude towards the environment
• What factors does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

  • Income and inequality
  • Levels of education
  • Life expectancy
• What is the HDI score range?

  0 to 1
• Which country has the highest HDI score?

  Norway
• Which country has the lowest HDI score?

  Niger
• What are reasons for trends in the top 5 HDI countries?

  • Large economies and advancing technology
  • Well-structured cities and infrastructure
  • Free education systems
• What does the Demographic Transition Model describe?

  Population changes as a country develops
• What are the four stages of the Demographic Transition Model?

  1. Small Population
  2. Hospitals
  3. Baby Rate
  4. Large Population
• What characterizes Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model?

  High death rates and small population
• What happens in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?

  Death rates decrease as healthcare improves
• What occurs in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

  Increased birth rates as families earn more
• What is characteristic of Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?

  Low birth and death rates with a large population
• How do resources affect a country's development?

  More resources lead to stronger economies
• How does rainfall impact population health?

  Regular rainfall reduces water-borne diseases
• What can countries do with excess rainfall?

  Store and sell it to neighboring countries
• How do temperate climates benefit agriculture?

  They allow for successful crop growth
• What challenges do countries near the Equator face?

  Droughts and soil erosion affect farming
• What is a challenge for countries in cold climates?

  Inability to grow crops year-round
• How does extreme weather impact development?

  It causes damage and economic disruption
• What are environmental causes of inequality?

  • Climate affects resource availability
  • Mining and intensive industries impact health
• What are historical disadvantages affecting development?

  • Past colonial rule impacts economies
  • Low wages lead to less investment in services
• What is the Brandt Line?

  A division between developed and developing countries

  
• Why is education important for development?

  It enables better job opportunities and economic growth
• What happens to individuals with poor education?

  They are likely to remain in poverty cycles
• What are the consequences of a poor education system?

  • Limited job opportunities
  • Impact on services and facilities
• How has technology changed the measurement of development?

  It has introduced new methods and indices