MALAYSIA

• What is the income classification of Malaysia?

  Upper middle income country
• What percentage of Malaysia is covered by tropical rainforest?

  60%
• How many species of trees might be found in a single hectare of Malaysian rainforest?

  300 species
• What percentage of its primary forest did Malaysia lose between 2002 and 2018?

  Almost 16%
• By what percentage did Malaysia's oil palm plantations grow?

  90%
• What was Malaysia's rank in terms of forest loss from 2006 to 2010?

  Highest percentage of forest loss
• What is the major driver of deforestation in Malaysia?

  Palm oil production
• What type of agriculture is palm oil grown as?

  Monoculture
• What percentage of orangutans has been lost over 20 years in Malaysia?

  50%
• How many orangutans are lost on average each week?

  100 orangutans
• What are the main activities threatening Malaysia's rainforests?

  • Logging
  • Hydro-electric power (HEP)
  • Transmigration
  • Mining
  • Fires
• What logging method was common in the 1980s in Borneo?

  Clear felling
• What is the impact of selective logging on biodiversity?

  It reduces biodiversity
• What was the impact of the Bakun Dam project in Sarawak?

  230 km of rainforest was cut down
• How many people were forced to move due to the Bakun Dam project?

  10,000 people
• What type of farming do subsistence farmers engage in?

  Farming only to feed themselves
• What is transmigration in the context of Malaysia?

  Encouraging poor people to move to the countryside
• How much rainforest was cut down for settlements during transmigration?

  15,000 hectares
• What are the main types of mining in Malaysia?

  Tin mining and smelting
• What environmental issue can result from mining activities?

  Pollution of land and rivers
• What is 'slash and burn' agriculture?

  Clearing land by burning to grow crops
• What is a major consequence of deforestation in Malaysia?

  Flooding
• What are the sustainable management strategies for tropical rainforests?

  • Selective logging
  • Ecotourism
  • Conservation areas
  • Debt-for-nature swaps
• What is the goal of sustainable management?

  Meet present needs without compromising future generations
• What is ecotourism?

  Income generation without damaging the environment
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of conservation areas?

  Advantages:

  • Income generation for local communities
  • Protection of biodiversity

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Loss of access to forest resources
  • Limited economic opportunities for locals
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of debt-for-nature swaps?

  Advantages:

  • Incentives for environmental protection
  • Reduces national debt

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • May not achieve conservation goals
  • Potential displacement of local communities
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of cultural erosion strategies?

  Advantages:

  • Strong and routine cleaning year-round
  • Helps with nature

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Potential loss of cultural identity
  • Conflicts with local traditions
• What are the direct and indirect impacts of sustainable management on local people?

  Direct impacts:

  • Employment opportunities
  • Access to conservation areas

  
  

  Indirect impacts:

  • Improved quality of life
  • Enhanced community engagement