One child policy

• What is the main focus of Unit 5.2.1 in Human Geography?

  Population and resources, specifically the need for population policies.
• What was the primary aim of China's one-child policy?

  To control population numbers to 1.2 billion by 2000.
• When was the one-child policy introduced in China?

  1979
• What were the regulations included in the one-child policy?

  Regulations on family size, late marriage, and childbearing.
• Who primarily was affected by the one-child policy?

  Urban residents and government employees.
• Why was the one-child policy introduced in response to population growth?

  Mortality rates had fallen, and the population was still increasing despite decreased fertility.
• What was the population increase in China from 1949 to the 1970s?

  430 million
• What percentage of Chinese land is suitable for arable farming?

  30%
• What was the Neo-Malthusian view regarding population growth in the late 1970s?

  Increased population growth was unsustainable.
• What was the optimum population for China according to policymakers?

  800 million
• What were the exceptions to the one-child policy?

  Families in rural areas with a first daughter and parents who were both only children in a minority ethnic group.
• What were the consequences for families who did not follow the one-child policy?

  Loss of bonuses, fines, and inability to officially register a child.
• What benefits were provided to families with one child in factory workshops?

  Extra maternity leave, free medical check-ups, and childcare.
• What is the "4-2-1" problem in China?

  Couples are responsible for one child and four parents.
• What is the gender imbalance in China due to the one-child policy?

  117 boys are born for every 100 girls.
• What significant change was announced regarding the one-child policy in 2015?

  It was replaced by a two-child policy.
• What was the population of China in 2038 according to projections?

  1,453,257,000
• What are the negative impacts of the one-child policy in China?

  • Aging population leading to reduced labor force
  • Low pensions and retirement benefits
  • "4-2-1" problem: one child responsible for four parents
  • Gender imbalance due to female infanticide
• What were the main reasons for the introduction of the one-child policy in China?

  1. Population growth concerns
  2. Environmental landscape limitations
  3. Uneven population distribution and density
  4. Resource scarcity affecting standard of living