L3 | DATA COLLECTION

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sandra

Cards (41)

DATA COLLECTION
capture quality evidence that seeks to answer all the questions that have been posed.
deduce quality information that is a prerequisite for making informed decisions.
DATA COLLECTION
can draw inferences and make informed decisions on what is considered factual.
TYPES OF DATA COLLECTION
primary data collection
secondary data collection
PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
gathering of raw data collected at the source.
process of collecting the original data collected by a researcher for a specific research purpose.
could be further analyzed into two segments;
qualitative research and
quantitative data collection methods.
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION
referred to as the gathering of second-hand data collected by an individual who is not the original user.
process of collecting data that is already existing
published books, journals and/or online portals.
much less expensive and easier to collect.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
does not involve the collection of data that involves numbers or a need to be deduced through a mathematical calculation
based on the non-quantifiable elements like the feeling or emotion of the researcher.
open-ended questionnaire.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
INTERVIEW
OBSERVATION
QUESTIONNAIRE
SCHEDULES
INTERVIEW
participants are asked to talk about the area under consideration.
STEPS FOR AN EFFECTIVE INTERVIEW
Prepare interview schedule
Select subjects/ key respondent
Conduct the interview
Analyze and interpret data collected from the interview
CLASSIFICATIONS OF INTERVIEW
STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
FOCUSED INTERVIEWS
CLINICAL INTERVIEWS
GROUP INTERVIEWS
INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INTERVIEWS
SELECTION INTERVIEWS
STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
set of pre-decided questions
UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
don’t follow a system of pre- determined questions.
FOCUSED INTERVIEWS
Attention is focused on the given experience of the respondent and its possible effects.
CLINICAL INTERVIEWS
Concerned with broad underlying feelings or motivations or with the course of an individual’s life experience.
GROUP INTERVIEWS
a group of 6 to 8 individuals is interviewed.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE INTERVIEWS
divided on the basis of subject matter i.e., whether qualitative or quantitative.
INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS
Interviewer meets a single person and interviews him.
SELECTION INTERVIEWS
Done for selection of people for certain Jobs.
OBSERVATION
data from the field is collected with the help of observation by the observer or by personally going to the field.
“Observation may be defined as systematic viewing, coupled with consideration of seen phenomenon.” (P.V Young)
STEPS FOR AN EFFECTIVE OBSERVATION
Determine what needs to be observed
Select participants
Random/Selected
Conduct the observation (venue, duration, recording materials, take photographs)
Compile data collected
Analyze and interpret data collected
CLASSIFICATIONS OF OBSERVATION
STRUCTURED OBSERVATION
UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
STRUCTURED OBSERVATION
characterized by a careful definition of the units to be observed, the style of recording the observed information, standardized conditions of observation and the selection of related data of observation.
UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION
takes place without the above characteristics.
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
observer is member of the group which he is observing.
NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
observer is observing people without giving any information to them.
QUESTIONNAIRE
predefined set of questions, assembled in a pre-determined order.
handy when the researcher is trying to collect information from large numbers of people.
STEPS FOR AN EFFECTIVE QUESTIONNAIRE
Prepare questions (Formulate & choose types of questions, order them, write instructions, make copies)
Select your respondents (Random/Selected)
Administer the questionnaire(date, venue, time)
Tabulate data collected
Analyze and interpret data collected
CLASSIFICATIONS OF QUESTIONNAIRE
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
CLOSE-ENDED OR FIXED ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
give the respondents the ability to respond in their own words.
CLOSE-ENDED OR FIXED ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS
allow the respondents to choose one of the given alternatives.
Types:
Dichotomous questions
Multiple Questions.
SCHEDULES
very similar to Questionnaire method.
filled by the enumerator who is specially appointed for the purpose.
goes to the respondents, asks them the questions from the Questionnaire in the order listed, and records the responses in the space provided.
must be trained in administering the schedule
DATA ANALYSIS
process of evaluating data using logical and analytical reasoning to carefully examine each component of the data collected or provided.
one of the many steps that are taken when a research experiment is conducted.
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
data obtained through this method consists of words, pictures, symbols and observations.
procedures and processes that are utilized for the analysis of data to provide some level of understanding, explanation or interpretation.
no statistical approaches are used to collect and analyze this data
QUALITATIVE DATA
non-numeric information such as interview transcripts, notes, video and audio recordings, images and text documents
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
CONTENT ANALYSIS
NARRATIVE ANALYSIS
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS
GROUNDED THEORY
CONTENT ANALYSIS
process of categorizing verbal or behavioural data to classify, summarize and tabulate the data.
NARRATIVE ANALYSIS
reformulation of stories presented by respondents taking into account the context of each case and different experiences of each respondent.
revision of primary qualitative data by researcher.
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
naturally occurring talk and all types of written text.
FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS
more advanced method that consists of several stages:
Familiarization
identifying a thematic framework
Coding
Charting
Mapping
Interpretation