Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury

• What are the two types of injuries associated with physical activity and sport?

  Acute and chronic injuries
• What characterizes an acute injury?

  It occurs suddenly at a specific moment due to a traumatic event.
• Give an example of an acute injury.

  A fracture of a bone in a boxer's jaw.
• What are common causes of acute injuries?

  Collisions between players, falls, or excessive impact from an object.
• How do chronic injuries develop?

  They develop over time due to repeated or continuous stress or overuse.
• What is a common example of a chronic injury?

  Pain in a tennis player's elbow.
• What factors can cause chronic injuries?

  Sudden increases in activity intensity, inadequate recovery, and poor technique.
• How are injuries classified in terms of tissue damage?

  As hard or soft tissue injuries.
• What do hard tissue injuries involve?

  Damage to the bone, joint, or cartilage.
• What are examples of hard tissue injuries?

  Fractures and dislocations.
• What are the potential consequences of hard tissue injuries?

  Internal bleeding, circulatory problems, and joint instability.
• What are soft tissue injuries?

  Injuries to the skin, muscle, tendon, or ligament.
• What are common examples of soft tissue injuries?

  Strains and sprains of muscles, tendons, or ligaments.
• What are the signs and symptoms of an acute injury?

  Sudden and severe pain, swelling, bruising, and lack of movement.
• What is a fracture?

  A partial or complete break in a bone.
• What causes a fracture?

  An excessive force that overcomes the bone's potential to flex.
• What are the two types of fractures?

  Compound (open) fractures and simple (closed) fractures.
• What is a compound fracture?

  A fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin.
• What is a simple fracture?

  A fracture where the skin remains unbroken.
• What is an incomplete fracture?

  A partial crack in the bone that doesn't completely separate it.
• What is a complete fracture?

  A total break in the bone that separates it into one or more fragments.
• What is a greenstick fracture?

  A splitting partial break in the bone resulting from a bending action.
• What are transverse, oblique, and spiral fractures?


  Fractures that crack perpendicular, diagonal, or twisting diagonal across the bone.
• What is a comminuted fracture?

  A fracture that produces multiple fragments of bone.
• What is an impacted fracture?

  A break caused by the ends of a bone being compressed together.
• What is an avulsion fracture?

  A bone fragment detached at the site of connective tissue attachment.
• What is a dislocation?

  When one bone is displaced from another, moving it from its original position.
• What are common indications of a dislocation?

  Severe pain, loss of movement, deformity, and swelling.
• What is a subluxation?

  An incomplete or partial dislocation that often damages ligaments.
• What can happen to ligaments during a subluxation?

  They can permanently lengthen, decreasing joint stability.
• What is a contusion?

  An area of skin or tissue where blood vessels have ruptured.
• What causes a contusion?

  A fall or direct impact from a player or object.
• What is a haematoma?

  Localized congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels.
• What are the signs and symptoms of a haematoma?

  Swelling and discoloration.
• What is a sprain?

  Damage to the ligaments connecting bone to bone.
• What typically causes a sprain?

  A sudden twist, impact, or fall that forces the joint beyond its range of motion.
• What are the signs and symptoms of a sprain?

  Pain, swelling, bruising, and inability to bear weight.
• What are the severity levels of a sprain?

  First-degree (overstretch), second-degree (partial tear), and third-degree (total rupture).
• What is a strain?

  Damage to the muscle fibers or tendon connecting muscle to bone.
• What typically causes a strain?

  Overstretching or contracting muscle fibers too quickly.