intro into bio molecules

• What is a biological molecule?

  A carbon-containing organic molecule
• What acts as the backbone structure in organic molecules?

  Carbon
• What are the four main types of biological molecules?

  • Nucleic acids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
• Which elements are found in all biological molecules?

  C, H, and O
• What additional elements do proteins contain?

  N and sometimes S
• What additional elements do nucleic acids contain?

  N and P
• What are monomers?

  Individual molecules that make up a polymer
• What defines a polymer?

  Made of many repeating units called monomers
• Are lipids considered polymers?

  No, they are not made of repeating units
• How are larger molecules formed from smaller molecules?

  By condensation reactions
• What is produced during condensation reactions?

  A water molecule
• How are larger molecules broken down into smaller molecules?

  By hydrolysis reactions
• What is used to break a bond in hydrolysis reactions?

  A water molecule
• What alters the properties of biological molecules?

  The presence or absence of functional groups
• What is the hydroxyl functional group?

  • OH
• What is the carboxyl functional group?

  • COOH
• What is the phosphate functional group?

  • PO4
• What is the amino functional group?

  • NH2
• What processes can add or remove functional groups from organic molecules?

  • Carboxylation
  • Amination
  • Phosphorylation
  • Hydroxylation
  • Decarboxylation
  • Deamination
  • Dephosphorylation
  • Dehydroxylation
• What reaction converts phenylalanine into tyrosine?

  A hydroxylation reaction
• What is the purpose of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase?

  To convert phenylalanine into tyrosine
• What are the learning outcomes of this lesson?

  • Define the term biological molecule
  • Explain the breakdown and formation of polymers
  • Identify functional groups in biological molecules