Baddeley

• what did Baddeley want to test?

  whether short term memory and long term memory were seperate
• what effects did he explore on encoding in memory

  semantic and acoustic coding in both LTM and STM
• what group design did Baddeley use

  independent groups design
• how many lists did Baddeley use?

  4
• which type either dissimilar or similar were the control lists?


  dissimilar
• what was the sample type?

  volunteer
• what was the participant sample?

  approx. 20 female and male
• where were the participants from?

  APRU at Cambridge University
• how many words in each list?

  10
• what was the rate of presentation

  1 word every 3 seconds
• how long were the participants given to recall the words?

  40 seconds to recall in correct order
• what didn't they have to do and why?

  didn't have to learn the words as they were given in random order after all being shown
• what happened after the 4 attempts?

  there was a distraction task and then a surprise retest
• what was the distraction task?

  recalling sequence of 8 digits
• what were the findings for immediate recall?

  words in acoustically similar list harder to learn in the 4 trails rather than acoustically dissimilar
• why were acoustically similar words harder to recall?(immediate)

  recalling from STM acoustic
• what were the findings the recall stage?

  semantically similar made learning words more difficult and learnt more slowly than semantically dissimilar
• why were the semantically similar learnt slower?

  because encoding in LTM is semantic, similar words therefore get confused making it difficult
• what is good about the generalizability?

  male and female participants no gender bias
• what is a disadvantage of the generalisability?

  non random sampling technique and age range of university students cannot generalise to population. no sub groups elderly etc
• how does the study have good internal reliability?

  control and standardised procedure, consistent for all participants
• how does the study have good external reliability?

  the study has been replicated and similar findings
• what can we say about the study validity?

  laboratory experiment - had controlled variables. therefore is lacks ecological validity as task is artificial
• where can we apply the knowledge to?

  mind maps and semantic links to therefore help have memories last in LTM for longer
• what is the conclusion about ethics for this study?

  ethical costs is low for this study and its scientifically justified