Industrial 1700-1900

• What significant change did industrialization bring to Britain?

  It led to a move to factory production.
• How did factories affect migration patterns during the Industrial Revolution?

  They attracted people from the countryside with promises of work.
• What is a revolution in the context of societal change?

  A sudden or dramatic change in a society's structure.
• What was the role of machines in the Industrial Revolution?

  They increased production speed and efficiency.
• What was a consequence of long working hours in factories?

  Fatigue and health issues among workers.
• What did the poor working conditions in factories lead to?

  Increased demand for medical help and resources.
• What was a common health issue faced by workers in factories?

  Fatigue from long hours.
• What significant changes began in medicine at the start of the 18th century?

  Rapid changes began to occur in medicine.
• What was the status of medical theories between 1500 and 1700?

  Many new medical theories had been published, but not put into practice.
• Why was the period from 1700 to 1900 considered exciting in the history of medicine?

  It was a time when past ideas and theories changed patient diagnosis and treatment.
• What did early theories suggest about flies and maggots on decaying matter?

  They were thought to be created by decaying matter.
• How did germ theory influence public health improvements?

  It led to better sanitation and understanding of disease transmission.
• What role do microbes in the air play in the process of decay?

  They cause decay.
• Why did Pasteur's wine volume increase?

  Because the production of wine was good.
• What happens to the eggs laid by flies in decaying matter?

  They hatch into maggots
• What do flies lay that contributes to decay?

  Eggs
• How did the treatment of sick people change by 1900 compared to 1700?

  It had changed almost completely
• What realization about infection became widespread by 1900?

  That infection was everywhere
• What role did gowns play in patient care?

  They were presented to patients for cleanliness and comfort.
• Who provided trained nurses for nearby houses?

  Hospitals provided trained nurses for nearby houses.
• What was the belief about spontaneous generation during the 19th century?

  Many still believed in spontaneous generation.
• What was a Victorian belief regarding pain?

  Victorians believed pain was sent by God to test moral character.
• What were surgeons concerned about that led to the discontinuation of chloroform?

  They were concerned about the risk of infection and increased bleeding.
• Why was James Simpson knighted in 1866?

  Due to the positive impact of regular anaesthesia use on surgery
• What are the main symptoms of typhoid?

  Watery diarrhea, severe dehydration, and death
• Why did people initially not believe Jenner's work on vaccination, even after he presented it to the Royal Society?

  Because the germ theory of disease had not yet been developed, so the mechanism of how vaccination worked was not understood
• If you wanted to build immunity to a disease, would you choose inoculation or vaccination?

  Vaccination
• How did the development of inoculation differ from the development of vaccination?

  Inoculation involved deliberately infecting oneself, while vaccination involved injecting killed or weakened organisms to build immunity
• Why did it take so long for vaccination to become widely accepted, even after Jenner's discovery in 1796?

  Because germ theory had not yet been developed, so people did not understand how vaccination worked
• What was Jenner's key contribution to the development of vaccination?

  He was the first person to discover vaccination in 1796 and is considered the "Father of Immunology"
• What was the public reaction to Jenner's findings until germ theory was established in 1861?

  Many people did not believe his findings
• What was the effect of Jenner's vaccination discovery on smallpox by 1980?


  Smallpox was completely eradicated
• What were workhouses described as?

  Large buildings
• What was the significance of Jenner's work?

  Led to the complete eradication of smallpox
• How many times did Jenner repeat his experiment?

  25 times
• What did Jenner submit to the Royal Society?

  His findings on vaccination
• How did chloroform impact surgical practices?

  It allowed more complex surgeries to be performed
• What did Joseph Lister introduce in the 1860s to improve surgery?

  Antiseptic techniques
• How did Nightingale's findings influence the use of antiseptics in hospitals?

  Hospitals focused on cleaning up germs
• What was the response of many surgeons to Lister's antiseptic methods?

  They were skeptical and wanted proof