Plants

• What are three excretory organs in the human body?

  Kidneys, liver, and skin
• How is filtrate formed in the Bowman's capsule?

  Filtrate is formed by the filtration of blood through the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule
• What is homeostasis?

  • Maintenance of a constant internal environment
  • Examples include body water content and body temperature
• What is the role of ADH in the human body?

  ADH regulates water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys
• What are the components required for a coordinated response?

  A stimulus, a receptor, and an effector
• How do flowering plants respond to stimuli?

  Flowering plants respond to stimuli through growth movements known as tropisms
• What are geotropic and phototropic responses?

  Geotropic responses are growth responses to gravity, while phototropic responses are growth responses to light
• What role does auxin play in phototropic responses?

  Auxin helps coordinate the growth of plant stems towards light
• How does sweating help the body respond to high temperatures?

  It cools the body through evaporation of sweat from the skin
• Why is the ability to respond to environmental changes vital for an organism's survival?

  It allows organisms to adapt to changes and maintain homeostasis
• What happens to cells when there are changes in the body's water levels?

  Cells can shrink and shrivel or swell and burst due to osmotic gradient changes
• What can dehydration due to lack of water intake cause?

  It can lead to death
• How can high temperatures affect the body?

  They can cause enzymes to denature and stop functioning
• What is hypothermia and what are its symptoms?

  Hypothermia is a condition caused by low body temperature, leading to symptoms like drowsiness and slurred speech
• What is the consequence of a lack of glucose in the body?

  It prevents cells from respiring to release energy
• What is hyperglycemia and what symptoms are associated with it?

  Hyperglycemia is high glucose levels associated with increased urination, thirst, and fatigue
• What factors need to be maintained for homeostasis?

  • Temperature
  • Water
  • Glucose
  • Carbon dioxide levels
  • Ions
  • Urea
• What is the definition of tropism?

  Tropism is growth in response to a stimulus
• What is phototropism?

  Phototropism is the response of a plant to light
• How do shoot tips and root tips respond to light in phototropism?

  Shoot tips show positive phototropism, while root tips show negative phototropism
• What happens to auxin distribution in phototropism when light is above the plant?

  Auxin is distributed evenly across the shoot tip
• What occurs when auxin moves towards the side of the plant away from the light?

  This side of the plant grows faster, causing the plant to bend towards the light
• How do root tips respond to light in phototropism?

  Root tips show negative phototropism, growing away from the light
• What is the definition of gravitropism/geotropism?

  Gravitropism/geotropism is the response of a plant to gravity
• What are the two types of gravitropism?

  Positive gravitropism (growth towards gravity) and negative gravitropism (growth away from gravity)
• How does auxin distribution affect root tips in gravitropism?

  Auxin accumulates in the lower part of the root tip, slowing growth and causing bending towards gravity
• What are the positive and negative responses to light and gravity in plants?

  • Light:
  • Positive response: Growth towards light (shoots)
  • Negative response: Growth away from light (roots)
  • Gravity:
  • Positive response: Growth towards gravity (roots)
  • Negative response: Growth away from gravity (shoots)
• What did Charles Darwin investigate in his tropism experiments?

  He investigated the detection system of phototropism using coleoptiles
• What is a coleoptile?

  A coleoptile is a sheath that protects the first leaves of a cereal seedling
• What happens if a coleoptile tip is placed on a mica sheet?

  The coleoptile will not respond to light
• What happens if a coleoptile tip is placed on a gelatine block?

  The coleoptile will respond to light
• What happens if a coleoptile tip is placed on one side of a plant?

  The plant will bend towards the light source
• What should students do if they are not confident in their understanding of the material?

  • Review content again
  • Attempt more retrieval or exam questions
  • Watch educational videos
  • Ask a teacher for help
• What happens if a coleoptile tip is placed on an agar block which is then placed on one side of the coleoptile?

  The coleoptile will bend towards the light source
• What is a clinostat?

  A clinostat is a device used to study plant responses to gravity
• What are three excretory organs in the human body?

  Kidneys, liver, and skin
• What is the role of ADH in the human body?

  ADH regulates water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys
• How is filtrate formed in the Bowman's capsule?

  Filtrate is formed by the filtration of blood through the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule
• What is homeostasis?

  • Maintenance of a constant internal environment
  • Examples include body water content and body temperature
• What are the components required for a coordinated response?

  A stimulus, a receptor, and an effector