becoming immune

• natural active immunity 


  when a person is exposed to a pathogen which triggers an immune response producing antibodies
• natural passive immunity 


  a type of immunity when a person is given antibodies rather than making it through there own immune system

  e.g. placenta, breast milk
• artificial active immunity 


  protection produced by intentional exposure to a pathogen through a vaccine causing an immune response producing antibodies
• artificial passive immunity 


  immunity made from a transfer of premade antibodies

  e.g. injections
• herd immunity 


  large population vaccinated against disease to prevent spread of disuse to other individuals without vaccine
• differences between active and passive immunity


  active is long-lasting while passive is temporary

  active is effective after a few weeks while passive is immediately effective

  active requires exposure to antigen passive does not

  in active, memory cells are produced while in passive it is not
• what do vaccines contain


  an antigen

  weakened virus

  killed bacteria

  viral DNA/ RNA