evaluation of Raine et al study

• What research method did Raine et al use?

  PET scans
• What tracer did Raine inject into participants?


  FDG tracer
• How thick were the horizontal slices taken during the PET scan?

  10 mm
• What significant differences did Raine find in the brain scans?

  Differences in the occipital lobe and amygdala
• Why are scans considered scientific in Raine's research?

  They provide observable evidence of results
• What does Raine's methodology suggest about the relationship between brain areas and violent crime?

  It suggests a cause-and-effect relationship
• What is the significance of Raine's scientific methodology?

  It enhances the trustworthiness of the research
• What strict procedures did Raine implement in his research?

  Matched controls, no medication, same tasks
• How do high levels of control in Raine's study affect the research?

  They facilitate cause-and-effect determination
• What does the ability to replicate Raine's findings imply?

  It enhances the reliability and validity of research
• What is a weakness of Raine's study regarding the type of experiment used?

  It is a quasi-experiment, limiting causation claims
• What did Raine acknowledge about the findings related to violence?

  Violence is influenced by factors beyond biology
• What social influences might affect the NGRI participants' behavior?

  Home environment and peer group acceptance
• What is the implication of studying only murderers in Raine's research?

  It limits insights into general criminal behavior
• Why is it important to study a range of criminals?

  To understand biological differences among them
• What ethical issue is raised regarding consent in Raine's study?

  Lack of valid consent from NGRI participants
• Why might NGRI participants struggle to understand the research?

  Due to mental health issues affecting cognition
• What should have been done to ensure ethical research with NGRI participants?

  Fully explain the research to participants
• What risk of psychological harm exists in Raine's study?

  Participants may experience anxiety or low self-esteem
• Why is stress significant for participants with epilepsy?

  It can trigger seizures in those individuals
• What should Raine have done to reduce psychological harm?

  Debrief participants about the task's purpose
• What social implication arises from Raine's research findings?

  Courts may rely on biological evidence for convictions
• What could happen if violent behavior is seen as innate?

  People may be imprisoned without social context
• What are the potential consequences of ignoring psychological treatments?

  Increased reliance on physical treatments only
• What financial impact could long-term imprisonment have on taxpayers?

  Increased costs for treatments and housing
• How does Raine's research affect the judicial system?

  It challenges the concept of free will in crime
• What risk does the conclusion that murderers are born not made pose to society?

  It may lead to criminals living freely
• What caution did Raine advise regarding his research conclusions?

  Other factors like social environment must be considered
• What is the implication of considering social environment in Raine's conclusions?

  It helps ensure society remains safe from criminals