Water and Bonding

• What type of molecule is water?

  A Dipolar/bipolar molecule. It's made up of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom
• Hydrogen bonding gives water its unique properties, such as high boiling point, surface tension, and the ability to dissolve many substances.
• oxygen atoms have a slight negative charge
• Hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge
• Hydrogen bonding, arising from the attraction between slightly positive and negative poles of water molecules, is responsible for water's unique properties, such as cohesion.
• Water exhibits surface tension, which allows it to form droplets and support small objects on its surface.
• Water exhibits cohesion - important for transpiration and surface tension
• Water has a high heat capacity, it requires a lot of energy to warm water up, and water must lose a lot of energy to cool down
• Hydrogen bonds are represented with a dash '-' as they are easily broken
• Hydrogen bonds are weak so they don't require a lot of energy to break them
• A monomer is a small molecule. e.g, amino acids or glucose
• Water has an adhesion property, allowing it to stick to other substances.
• Monomers link through condensation reactions, with the removal of a water molecule during bond formation.
• Polymers are broken down into monomers through hydrolysis reactions, which involve the addition of a water molecule to break the bonds between monomers.
• Water molecules are polar, meaning they have a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom.

  
• Water molecules have no charge
• Hydrogen bonding -The slightly positive pole of one water molecule attracts the slightly negative poles of other water molecules.

  
• H-bonds are transient – easily made and easily broken
• Water has a high latent heat of evaporation, (a lot of energy is needed for liquid water to turn into a gas)- effective at cooling the body
• Importance of hydrogen bonding 2

  Polarity - ionic compounds will dissolve easily, making water a good solvent for chemical reactions
• Importance of hydrogen bonding 2

  H-bonding gives water molecules directionality – they align.