MODULE 6

• What is expected of all nurses in patient care?

  Provision of patient-centered nursing care
• Why is the work environment important for nurses?

  To ensure quality and safety of patient care
• What is essential for addressing individualized patient care?

  Theory-based nursing practice and patient safety model
• How can theory-based nursing practice help nurses?

  By describing, explaining, and predicting interventions
• What does the holistic approach view clients as?

  Wholes in dynamic interaction
• What characterizes an open system?

  Continuous flow of input, process, output, and feedback
• What does the function or process of a client system involve?

  Exchanging energy, information, and matter with the environment
• What are input and output for a client system?

  Exchanged matter, energy, and information
• What is feedback in a system?

  Output serving as input for corrective action
• What is negentropy?

  Energy conservation increasing organization and stability
• What does entropy refer to?

  Energy depletion and disorganization moving toward illness
• What is stability in the context of nursing?

  A state of balance requiring energy exchanges
• What is the goal of the nursing profession?

  The end the member strives to achieve
• Who is considered a beneficiary in nursing?

  A person or group receiving professional care
• What does the role of a nurse refer to?

  The societal function of the professional
• What is a source of difficulty in nursing?

  The probable origin of the client's difficulty
• What are interventions in nursing?

  The focus of the professional's attention
• What are consequences in nursing?

  The results of the professional's efforts
• What does culture care theory emphasize?

  Providing beneficial care for clients from a culture
• What does culture care universality refer to?

  Commonly shared care practices
• What is caring in nursing?

  Actions and attitudes to assist others toward healing
• What is generic care?

  Learned and transmitted local knowledge
• What is professional care?

  Formal knowledge and practices learned through education
• What does culture refer to?

  Learned and shared values and beliefs
• What is culture care?

  Synthesis of care and culture guiding research
• What is culturally congruent care?

  Culturally based care fitting clients' values
• What does culture care diversity refer to?

  Variabilities in cultural care beliefs and practices
• What is worldview in nursing?

  Perspective influencing care and decisions
• What are cultural and social structural dimensions?

  Dynamic patterns of structured cultural features
• What does environmental context refer to?

  Totality of factors giving meaning to experiences
• What is ethnohistory?

  Sequence of past events affecting culture
• What does emic refer to?

  Insider cultural knowledge and views
• What does etic refer to?

  Outsider views on cultural phenomena
• What does the Neuman Systems Model reflect?

  Nursing's interest in holistic systems and health
• What do clients and nurses do in the Neuman Systems Model?

  Partner to set goals and identify information
• What are client systems viewed as in the Neuman Systems Model?

  Composites of interacting variables
• What disciplines does Neuman's model synthesize knowledge from?

  Several disciplines including mental health nursing
• What does Gestalt theory describe?

  Homeostasis as maintaining equilibrium
• What does De Chardin's philosophy emphasize?

  Wholeness of life
• What does Marx's philosophy state?

  Properties of parts are determined by wholes