mentrual cycle

• which hormone is detected by ovulation test kits?

  Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary.
• Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg.
• Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining.
• methods of contraception are:

  • injection, implant or skin patch of slow release progesterone to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs for a number of months or years
  • barrier methods such as condoms and diaphragms which prevent the sperm reaching an egg
  • abstaining from intercourse when an egg may be in the oviduct
  • surgical methods of male and female sterilisation.
• In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment.

  1. IVF involves giving a mother FSH and LH to stimulate the maturation of several eggs.
  2. The eggs are collected from the mother and fertilised by sperm from the father in the laboratory.
  3. The fertilised eggs develop into embryos.
  4. At the stage when they are tiny balls of cells, one or two embryos are inserted into the mother’s uterus (womb).
• Although fertility treatment gives a woman the chance to have a baby of her own:

  • it is very emotionally and physically stressful

  • the success rates are not high

  • it can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both the babies and the mother.
• what is the name of the process by which eggs are released from ovary?

  Ovulation
• what hormone stimulates release of egg?

  LH
• Where is FSH secretes from?

  Pituitary gland
• effects of FSH?


  maturation of egg

  stimulates production of oestrogen
• how do oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy?

  inhibits FSH production
• what hormone does the contraceptive patch release?

  progesterone
• what does the hormone released by the implant do to prevent pregnancy?

  stops maturation off egg
• what is the chemical that kills or disables sperm?

  Spermicide
• what is the surgical method of controlling fertility for both men and woman?

  Sterilisation
• advantage of contraceptive injection?


  dont have to remember to take pills
• disadvantage of contraceptive implant?

  long lasting side effects
• advantage of using barrier methods instead of hormonal contraceptive?

  no side effects
• Hormones


  Used to treat infertility
• IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

  1. Mother treated with FSH and LH to cause several eggs to mature

  2. Eggs collected from mother

  3. Sperm from father used to fertilize eggs in laboratory

  4. Fertilized eggs develop into embryos

  5. Embryos inserted into mother's uterus
• Benefits of IVF


  • Gives a woman the chance to have a baby of her own
• Problems with IVF


  • Success rates are not high
  • Emotionally very stressful for both parents
  • Physically demanding on the mother
  • Can lead to multiple births which is risky
• Other issues with IVF

  • Not all embryos created are transferred, meaning many are destroyed
  • IVF is expensive and this money could be spent on other medical issues
• FSH triggers an egg to mature in one of the ovaries
• LH triggers the mature egg to be released, causing ovulation
• Fertility treatment involves giving a woman a combination of FSH and LH, causing her to ovulate more than usual and increasing her chances of becoming pregnant through sexual intercourse
• disadvantages of IVF?

  might not work first time so repeated attempts may be difficult for mother

  strong side effects such as vomiting