3. China and Korea

• What policy did the USA adopt regarding trade with Asia?

  Open door policy
• Who led the nationalists in the Chinese civil war?

  Chiang Kai-shek
• What event caused nationalists and communists in China to unite?

  The Japanese invasion in 1937
• What was Roosevelt's main goal regarding China during the Japanese invasion?

  To protect China
• Who did Roosevelt recognize as the most significant Chinese leader?

  Chiang Kai-shek
• What was Truman's approach towards the nationalists in China?

  Supportive of the nationalists
• What was the outcome of George Marshall's peace mission in 1946?

  A fragile truce was negotiated
• Why did the truce negotiated by Marshall break down?

  Chiang Kai-shek adopted an aggressive policy
• What triggered fighting between nationalists and communists in Manchuria?

  Withdrawal of Soviet troops
• When did the communists achieve victory in China?

  1949
• What was a significant reason for the Chinese communists' victory?

  Insufficient American aid to nationalists
• What was the Truman administration focused on during the civil war years?

  Containment and aid policies in Europe
• How did Mao gain support from the peasantry?

  Promise of land reforms
• What was the state of Chiang Kai-shek's government?

  Corrupt, undemocratic, and ineffective
• Where did Chiang Kai-shek's supporters flee after the communist victory?

  To Taiwan
• How was the communist seizure of power perceived in the USA?

  As a sense of defeat
• What was the fear regarding USSR-China relations?

  That China was a puppet of the USSR
• What did the signing of a defense pact in 1950 suggest?

  Confirmation of USSR-China relations
• What political movement did the outcome in China encourage in the USA?

  McCarthyism
• Who was the senator that blamed communism on traitors in the US government?

  Joseph McCarthy
• What did McCarthyism promote regarding communists in the government?

  Hunting out secret communists
• What was the situation in Korea after World War II?

  Divided by the 38th parallel
• Who led the communist party in North Korea?

  Kim Il Sung
• What was the outcome of the elections in South Korea?

  Uncertain victory for Syngman Rhee
• What event marked the beginning of the Korean War?

  North Korea's invasion of the south
• What was Truman's reaction to the invasion of South Korea?

  Swift and decisive
• Why could the Soviets not veto UN resolutions during the Korean War?

  They were boycotting the UN
• What was the initial situation of UN and South Korean forces in the war?

  Boxed into the southeast corner
• What was General MacArthur's significant military action in September 1950?

  Amphibious counterattack at Inchon
• What was the result of MacArthur's counterattack?

  Routing of North Korean forces
• What did Truman authorize after the success at Inchon?

  Crossing the 38th parallel
• How did China respond to the US advance towards the Yalu river?

  Counterattacked across the river
• What was MacArthur's controversial demand during the war?

  Unconditional surrender from China
• What was Truman's response to MacArthur's actions?

  He sacked MacArthur
• What principle did Truman assert by sacking MacArthur?

  President is commander-in-chief
• What was the state of the Korean War by March 1951?

  Reached a stalemate
• What was the outcome of the Korean War negotiations?

  Armistice, not a peace treaty
• What did Truman's actions in Korea reveal about containment?

  Limits of containment were exceeded
• What was the impact of the Korean War on American defense spending?

  Massive expansion of the defense budget
• What was the significance of Taiwan in US-China relations?

  Counterbalance to communist China