observation evaluation

• What is overt observation?

  The group knows the researcher is present
• How can you remember the concept of overt observation?

  Overt starts with 'O' for 'Open' presence
• What is covert observation?

  The researcher hides their research purpose
• Why is covert observation often used in sociology?

  To study criminal or illegal activities
• How can you remember the concept of covert observation?

  Covert starts with 'C' for 'Closed' presence
• What is participant observation?

  The researcher acts as a group member
• What does a researcher do in participant observation?

  They dress and act like group members
• What is non-participant observation?

  The researcher does not engage with the group
• How does non-participant observation work?

  It involves observing without involvement
• What are the two types of observation methods?

  • Participant Observation
  • Non-Participant Observation
• What is structured observation?

  Observing set behaviors for quantitative data
• What is unstructured observation?

  Writing notes about observations for qualitative data
• What does the term 'verstehen' mean?

  Empathy or understanding of others' perspectives
• Why is social desirability bias significant?

  It affects how people respond to questions
• What is the Hawthorne effect?

  Behavior changes when participants know they are observed
• Why might participant observation be the only method for certain groups?

  Some groups may refuse interviews or surveys
• How are observations more flexible than structured interviews?

  They allow for spontaneous changes in focus
• Why is flexibility in research methods beneficial?

  It allows adaptation to new findings during research
• Why is overt observation easier for recording information?

  Researchers can take notes openly during observation
• What can researchers do in overt observation for clarification?

  Ask group members questions immediately
• What challenges might sociologists face in gaining access to groups?

  Groups may be secretive or exclusive
• What issues might arise while staying in a group being observed?

  Maintaining rapport while remaining objective
• What difficulties might arise when leaving a group?

  Emotional ties may complicate departure
• What are some weaknesses of participant observation?

  Groups may refuse to be studied
• What is the risk of 'going native' in participant observation?

  Becoming too involved and losing objectivity
• How does the Hawthorne effect impact validity?

  It may lead to altered participant behavior
• Why is it easier to record information in overt observation?

  Researchers can take notes during observation
• What can researchers do for clarification in overt observation?

  Ask participants questions directly
• How long do observations typically take compared to questionnaires?

  Observations take much longer to complete
• What special skills are needed for observers?

  Observational and interpersonal skills are essential
• Why is training important for observers?

  To recognize significant sociological aspects
• What impact might observing gang crime have on a researcher?

  It may expose them to dangerous situations
• What challenges arise when observing groups like Hells Angels?

  Access may be restricted due to secrecy
• Why might access to a chosen group be problematic?

  Groups may not want to be studied
• Why is participant observation considered flexible?

  It allows for open-minded exploration of topics
• Why do critics argue participant observations lack objectivity?

  Observers may become too involved with subjects
• How can participant observation produce valid data?

  It provides an insider's authentic perspective
• Why might participant observation not produce valid data?

  Findings may reflect observer bias
• Why does overt observation have fewer ethical issues?

  Participants are aware of the researcher's identity
• What ethical issues arise from covert observation?

  Deception and lack of informed consent