enzymes

• What is the function of an enzyme?

  To act as a biological catalyst
• What does the induced-fit model describe?

  How enzymes become complementary to substrates
• How does the induced-fit model affect activation energy?

  It decreases the activation energy of reactions
• What is activation energy?

  The initial energy required for a reaction
• What type of proteins are enzymes?

  Globular proteins
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The functional region of an enzyme
• How do enzymes affect the temperature of reactions?

  They allow reactions to occur at lower temperatures
• What happens to the enzyme's active site during substrate interaction?

  It changes shape to become complementary
• What is formed when a substrate binds to an enzyme?

  An enzyme-substrate complex
• What effect does strain on substrate bonds have?

  It makes bonds easier to break
• What is galactosemia?

  A group of metabolic disorders
• What causes Type 2 galactosemia?

  A mutation to the GALK1 gene
• What does the GALK1 gene normally produce?

  Galactose kinase
• How does a mutation affect the primary structure of an enzyme?

  It changes the sequence of amino acids
• What is the result of a change in the tertiary structure of an enzyme?

  The active site shape is altered
• Why can't enzyme-substrate complexes form in non-functioning galactose kinase?

  Due to changes in the active site shape
• What are the steps involved in the induced-fit model of enzyme activity?

  1. Substrate approaches the enzyme
  2. Active site changes shape to fit substrate
  3. Enzyme-substrate complex forms
  4. Strain on substrate bonds lowers activation energy
  5. Reaction occurs, products are released
• What are the learning outcomes related to enzymes?

  • State the function of an enzyme
  • Describe the induced-fit model
  • Explain how the induced-fit model decreases activation energy