Enzymes

• What are enzymes primarily made of?

  Proteins
• How do enzymes function in chemical reactions?

  They act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
• What is the role of enzymes in respiration compared to digestion?

  They have different specific actions in each process
• Where can enzyme action occur?

  Intracellular and extracellular
• What is collagen?

  An important structural protein
• What is pectinase used for?

  Production of fruit juice
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The part where substrate interacts with the enzyme
• Why is the tertiary structure important for enzymes?

  It allows for a complementary active site
• What is activation energy?

  The energy needed to start a reaction
• How do enzymes affect activation energy?

  They lower the activation energy required
• What happens to the rate of reaction when enzymes are present?

  The rate of reaction increases
• What are the two main ways enzymes speed up reactions?

  • Hold substrate molecules close together, reducing repulsion
  • Put strain on bonds in the substrate for easier breakdown
• What is formed when a substrate fits into an enzyme's active site?

  An enzyme-substrate complex
• What does the induced-fit model describe?

  How enzymes adjust to fit substrates
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up reactions
• What is the significance of the enzyme-substrate complex?

  It lowers the activation energy for reactions
• What is the relationship between enzyme structure and function?

  The structure determines the enzyme's specific function