Evolution

• Biological evolution is essentially change over time
• In more detailed terms, biological evolution is the scientific framework that analyzes how heritable traits change in frequency within a population over time
• Who is the father of evolution?

  Charles Darwin
• What did Charles Darwin do?

  He went to the Galápagos Islands to study variation. To do this he studied tortoises and finches and found out the were different. They were different because the lived in different parts of the island which needed different traits to survive.
• What are the two types of evolution?

  1. Macro: Occurs on large scale and affects changes in an entire species
  2. Micro: Occurs on small scale and only affects one single population
• Is mating important or unimportant in evolutiom?

  Mating had an important effect on the evolution of a population. Males have many sperm while females have limited eggs so they are picky who they mate with. This is called sexual selection, random traits can be passed on based in a females mating preferences.
• Does evolution always occur?

  No, genetic equilibrium or Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium is when there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a population over time.
• What needs to be true to prove genetic equilibrium is occurring in a population?

  1. must be random mating
  2. large population
  3. no movement in or out of population
  4. no mutations
  5. no natural selection
• Does genetic drift affect big or small populations more?

  small