ATP

• Why is energy important for plants and animals?

  It is needed for biological processes.
• What are some examples of energy needs in plants and animals?

  • Active transport
  • DNA replication
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis
• What is the process called that releases energy from glucose?

  Respiration
• How is ATP formed from glucose?

  Energy from glucose is used to make ATP.
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What components make up ATP?

  Adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphates.
• What is ATP classified as?

  A nucleotide derivative
• How does ATP release energy?

  Through hydrolysis reactions breaking phosphate bonds.
• What is produced when ATP is broken down?

  ADP and inorganic phosphate (P)
• What type of reaction breaks down ATP?

  A hydrolysis reaction
• What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of ATP?

  ATP hydrolase
• What happens to the energy released from ATP hydrolysis?

  It can be used for other reactions.
• What is phosphorylation in relation to ATP?

  Adding inorganic phosphate to make compounds reactive.
• How is ATP synthesized?

  By a condensation reaction between ADP and Pi.
• What enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of ATP?

  ATP synthase
• What are the practice questions related to ATP structure and function?

  1. What does ‘ATP’ stand for?
  2. Describe the structure of ATP.
  3. What is ATP broken down into?
  4. How can inorganic phosphate be used?
  5. What type of reaction reforms ATP?
• Why is the movement of calcium ions coupled to ATP breakdown?

  It provides the energy needed for active transport.
• What is AMP?

  Adenosine monophosphate
• What is the role of inorganic phosphate released from ATP breakdown?

  It can make other compounds more reactive.
• What processes involve ATP synthesis?

  • Respiration
  • Photosynthesis