Active transport

• What are the learning objectives of the study material?

  Different types of membrane transport
• How does the concentration gradient affect passive transport?

  It influences the rate of passive transport
• What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

  They change shape to move molecules
• What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

  It actively transports sodium and potassium ions
• How does co-transport work in glucose absorption?

  It uses sodium gradient to move glucose
• How does the number of carrier proteins affect active transport rate?

  More carrier proteins increase the transport rate
• What is the role of ATP in active transport?

  It provides energy for moving ions
• How is ATP broken down to release energy?

  ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and Pi
• What is a co-transporter?

  A carrier protein with two binding sites
• How do sodium ions facilitate glucose transport?

  Sodium ions move down their gradient
• What happens to glucose during co-transport?

  It moves against its concentration gradient
• Where does glucose co-transport primarily occur?

  In the small intestine
• What is the first step in glucose absorption?

  Sodium ions are actively transported out
• How do sodium ions diffuse into the epithelial cell?

  They move down their concentration gradient
• What happens to glucose after it enters the epithelial cell?

  It diffuses into the bloodstream
• How can the same substance be transported into a cell?

  Through different methods of transport combined
• What factors can affect the rate of active transport?

  Carrier protein availability and ATP levels
• What are the main transport mechanisms in cells?

  • Passive transport
  • Active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Co-transport
• What is the purpose of practice questions in the study material?

  To reinforce learning and understanding