Finals

• Art History - historical study of the visual arts, being concerned with identifying, classifying, describing, evaluating, interpreting, and understanding the art
• Art History - It examines the chronological progression of art across different cultures and eras, focusing on how art reflects society, politics, religion, and technological advancements.
• art movement - It is a distinct artistic style, technique, or trend that maps a particular period of cultural development in the history of art.
• Prehistoric Art - origins of art history can be traced back to the Prehistoric era, before written records were kept
• The earliest artifacts come from the Paleolithic era, or the Old Stone Age, in the form of rock carvings, engravings, pictorial imagery, sculptures, and stone arrangements.
• Ancient Art - It is produced by advanced civilizations, which in this case refers to those with an established written language.
• ■ Egyptian Art: Known for pyramids, hieroglyphics, and idealized human forms (e.g., The Great Sphinx).

  ■ Greek Art: Emphasized proportion, the human body, and realism (Parthenon, Discobolus).

  ■ Roman Art: Incorporated Greek influences with a focus on engineering and public works (Colosseum, mosaics).
• Medieval Art - often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” marked a period of economic and cultural deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D.
• Medieval Art


  Art produced during this time was centered around the Church (Catholic).
• Medieval Art


  This period was also responsible for the emergence of the illuminated manuscript and Gothic architecture style.
• Renaissance Art


  This style of painting, sculpture, and decorative art was characterized by a focus on nature and individualism, the thought of man as independent and self-reliant.
• baroque


  It has emotional intensity, dynamic movement, and dramatic use of light and shadow.
• Rococo


  The aesthetic offered a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque’s exuberance
• Renaissance Art 


  Though these ideals were present in the late Medieval period, they flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries, paralleling social and economic changes like secularization.
• Baroque 


  Painters used an intense contrast between light and dark and had energetic compositions matched by rich color palettes
• Rococo


  It is characterized by lightness and elegance, focusing on the use of natural forms, asymmetrical design, and subtle colors.
• Neoclassicism


  It drew upon elements from classical antiquity; Archaeological ruins of ancient civilizations in Athens and Naples that were discovered at the time reignited a passion for all things past, and artists strove to recreate the great works of ancient art.
• Romanticism


  It embodies a broad range of disciplines, from painting to music to literature
• realism


  the first modern art movement,
• Romanticism


  The ideals present in each of these art forms reject order, harmony, and rationality, which were embraced in both classical art and Neoclassicism.
• Realism


  a result of multiple events: the anti-Romantic movement in Germany, the rise of journalism, and the advent of photography. Each inspired new interest in accurately capturing everyday life.
• Art nouveau


  translates to “New Art" ; attempted to create an entirely authentic movement free from any imitation of styles that preceded it.
• Impressionism


  This was characterized by short, quick brushstrokes and an unfinished, sketch-like feel.
• Art nouveau


  This movement heavily influenced applied arts, graphics, and illustration. It focused on the natural world, characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.
• Impressionism


  artists used modern life as their subject matter, painting situations like dance halls and sailboat regattas rather than historical and mythological events
• Claude Monet - a French artist who spearheaded the idea of expressing one’s perceptions before nature, is virtually synonymous with the Impressionist movement
• Post-Impressionism


  concentrated on subjective visions and symbolic, personal meanings rather than observations of the outside world. This was often achieved through abstract forms.
• Expressionism


  It emerged as a response to increasingly conflicted world views and the loss of spirituality.
• Cubism


  It was established by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who rejected the concept that art should copy nature
• Surrealism


  It emerged from the Dada art movement in 1916, showcasing works of art that defied reason.
• cubism


  They moved away from traditional techniques and perspectives; instead, they created radically fragmented objects through abstraction.
• Surrealism


  blamed this thought process on events like World War I and believed it to repress imaginative thoughts. Surrealists were influenced by Karl Marx and theories developed by Sigmund Freud, who explored psychoanalysis and the power of imagination.
• Salvador Dali - tapped into the unconscious mind to depict revelations found on the street and in everyday life.
• Abstract Expressionism


  Shaped by the legacy of Surrealism ; It emerged in New York after WWII.
• Jackson Pollock - known for his unique style of drip painting
• Mark Rothko - whose paintings employed large blocks of color to convey a sense of spirituality.
• Op art


  short for “optical” art; Heightened by advances in science and technology as well as an interest in optical effects and illusions.
• abstract expressionism


  It’s often referred to as the New York School or action painting.
• Bridget Riley - is one of the most prominent Op Art practitioners. Her 1964 artwork Blaze features zigzag black and white lines that create the illusion of a circular decent.
• Pop art


  one of the most recognizable artistic developments of the 20th century