Bio-Chem

• What is an atom?

  the basic unit of matter
• Define Atomic Mass?

  sum of an element's protons and neutrons
• What is an isotope?

  atoms of the same element that differ in the number of their neutrons
• What are Radioisotopes?

  an unstable isotope that decays over time by emitting radiation
• What is a molecule?

  a substance composed of two or more non-metal atoms that are covalently bonded together. Smallest unit of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance.
• What is a Organic Molecule?

  a carbon-containing molecule in which carbon atoms are nearly always bonded to each other and to hydrogen. Commonly found in living systems
• What are Intramolecular forces?

  forces occurring BETWEEN atoms within a molecule.
• What is a Covalent Bond?

  A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms
• Define electronegativity?

  a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
• What are intermolecular forces?

  forces occurring between atoms of different molecules or between different parts of the same molecule if that molecule is very large
• What is a hydrogen bond?

  A strong attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
• What is an ion?

  atoms or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative charge.
• Name the 10 functional groups?

  Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Carbonyl in Ketone, Carbonyl in Aldehyde, Amine, Sulfhydral, Phosphate, Methyl, Ether, and Ester
• What is the family for the hydroxyl group?

  Alcohol Family
• What is the family for the ketone group?

  Ketone family
• What is the family for the Aldehyde group?

  Aldehyde family
• What is the family for the carboxyl group?

  Carboxylic Acid Family
• What is the family for the Sulfhydral group?

  Thiol family
• What is the family for the amine group?

  amine family
• What is the family for the phosphate group?

  Phosphate family
• What is the family for the ether group?

  Ether Family
• What is the family for the ester group?

  Ester Family
• What is a hydrocarbon?

  organic molecules made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
• What is a macromolecule?

  a large, complex molecule, usually composed of repeating units of smaller molecules covalently linked together
• What are polymers?

  a large molecule composed of repeating units of smaller molecules (monomers). Long chain-like substance linked together by covalent bonds
• What is a monomer?

  the smallest repeating unit of a polymer. Exist individually or as units of a polymer. It determines the properties of a polymer.
• What is a carbohydrate?

  A macromolecule that provides energy to the body.
• What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

  1:2:1
• What is a Monosaccharide?

  A monosaccharide is a simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down into smaller sugar units.
• What is a Disaccharide?

  A disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by a glycosidic bond.
• What is this carbohydrate?

  Galactose

  
• What is this carbohydrate?

  fructose

  
• What disaccharide includes 2 glucoses?

  Maltose
• What disaccharide includes glucose and galactose?


  Lactose
• What disaccharide includes glucose and fructose?

  Sucrose
• what is a polysaccharide?

  A complex carbohydrate made up of long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides
• what is a structural isomer?

  Structural isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula?
• what is a steroisomer?

  molecules with the same structure but different orientation (different properties)
• What is this structure?

  maltose

  
• What is this structure?

  Sucrose