A1

• What is the WHO's definition of health from 1948?

  A state of complete well-being
• What does ill health mean according to WHO's definition?

  Any deviation from complete well-being
• What are the two other definitions of health/illness mentioned?

  Biomedical model and biopsychosocial model
• What does the biomedical model focus on?

  Physical reasons for illness
• What treatments are associated with the biomedical model?

  Vaccinations, surgery, chemotherapy, medicines
• How does the biomedical model view the mind?

  As a separate part from the body
• What does the biopsychosocial model involve?

  Biological, psychological, and social areas
• How can behavior influence physical health according to the biopsychosocial model?

  Behavior affects feelings, leading to physical changes
• What is health as a continuum?

  • Health varies between extremes
  • Can be very healthy or very ill
  • Applies to both physical and mental health
• What characterizes someone in extremely good health?

  Functioning well in all health areas
• What characterizes someone in extremely poor health?

  Experiencing more than just physical disease
• What is stress defined as?

  An emotional response to threats
• What are stressors?

  Threats that cause stress
• What are examples of physical stressors?

  Temperature, noise, overcrowding
• What are examples of psychological stressors?

  Major life events, everyday niggles, workplace
• What is physiological stress?

  Body's response to a stressor
• What is psychological stress?

  Emotion felt when a stressor occurs
• How does perceived ability to cope affect stress?

  Higher demands than coping ability causes stress
• What is the significance of perception of available resources?

  It affects coping with stressors
• What are internal coping resources?

  Psychological resources like resilience
• What are external coping resources?

  Social support from friends and family
• Why is belief in coping resources crucial?

  You must believe they can overcome stressors
• What are the stressors in Meera's situation?

  Caring for her mother and job loss
• What does psychological stress mean in Meera's context?

  Emotional distress from her caregiving role
• What is one definition of health/ill health?

  Health is complete well-being, not absence of disease
• What does 'health as a continuum' mean?

  Health varies between extremes over time
• What aspect of Meera's conversation reflects the biomedical definition?

  Doctor prescribing antidepressants for chemical imbalance
• What aspect of Meera's conversation reflects the biopsychosocial definition?

  Doctor suggesting therapy alongside medication
• How does perceived ability to cope affect Meera's stress levels?

  Low perceived ability increases her stress
• What is addiction defined as?

  A complex mental disorder
• What can people become addicted to?

  A substance or behavior producing pleasure
• What role do neurotransmitters play in addiction?

  They signal pleasure despite harmful consequences
• What does biological predisposition suggest about addiction?

  Some people are genetically vulnerable to addiction
• What are two signs of physiological addiction?

  Withdrawal symptoms and tolerance
• What happens during withdrawal symptoms?

  Physical effects occur when stopping substance
• What is tolerance in addiction?

  Need for larger doses for same effect
• What is behavioral addiction?

  Addiction to a behavior rather than a substance
• How does classical conditioning relate to addiction?

  Addiction occurs through paired stimuli responses
• What are the six components of addiction according to Griffiths?

  Dependence, tolerance, withdrawal, relapse, conflict, mood alteration
• What does salience mean in addiction?

  Addictive behavior dominates an individual's life