Anxiety

• How do anxiety levels affect eyewitness testimonies?

  They can impair recall of information.
• What happens to recall when someone experiences high anxiety during an event?

  Recall may be less effective.
• What were the two groups in Johnson & Scott's study?

  • Weapon Group: saw a man with a knife
  • Non-weapon Group: saw a man with a pen
• What percentage of the weapon group could identify the man?

  33%
• What percentage of the non-weapon group could identify the man?

  49%
• What is the weapon focus effect?

  It decreases recall due to anxiety.
• How does anxiety relate to recall in Johnson & Scott's study?

  Higher anxiety leads to lower recall.
• What did Yullie & Cutshall's study find about anxiety and recall?

  • Witnesses recalled similar answers after 5 months
  • Anxiety from witnessing a shooting improves recall
• What ethical concerns were raised about Johnson & Scott's study?

  Deception and lack of informed consent.
• What harm did participants face in Johnson & Scott's study?

  Exposure to a highly stressful situation.
• What is a limitation of ecological validity in Johnson & Scott's study?

  Participants may have anticipated events.
• What are demand characteristics in the context of Johnson & Scott's study?

  Participants' expectations may skew results.
• What does the Yerkes-Dodson law state about anxiety and recall?

  • Recall is best at medium anxiety
  • High and low anxiety impair recall
• What shape does the Yerkes-Dodson law describe regarding anxiety and recall?

  An inverted U shape.
• What is the peak recall level according to the Yerkes-Dodson law?

  Medium anxiety arousal.