industrial

• what did Edward Jenner do?

  developed a vaccine for smallpox
• how many did smallpox kill a year?

  400,000
• what did Edward Jenner test?

  contaminating James Phipps with cowpox and then giving him smallpox
• was Edward Jenners test successful?

  yes, James Phipps did not die from the smallpox
• what year did the government make the smallpox vaccine compulsory?

  1852
• why did the smallpox vaccine not lead to other vaccines?

  people still didn't know bacteria caused disease
• what year did the government fine parents for not having children vaccinated?

  1871
• what did the smallpox vaccine do?

  lower amount of deaths and wiped out smallpox all together in 1970s
• why did people not follow the smallpox vaccine?

  • Jenner didn't know why his vaccine worked
  • Jenner was a rural doctor so he wasn't believed
  • inoculation was already being carried out
• what was inoculation?

  inserting a piece of the disease in an open wound to gain immunity
• is vaccination a treatment or prevention?

  prevention
• what was a new theory of the cause of disease?

  spontaneous generation
• what was spontaneous generation?

  they thought rotting and decay caused germs
• who was Louis Pasteur?

  a French scientist
• what was Louis Pasteurs theory?

  germ theory
• what was germ theory?

  the theory that germs in the air affect the human body
• what was Louis Pasteurs experiment?

  he left wine and vinegar out and it went off
• why did the wine and vinegar go off?

  because the microbes in the air caused it to begin to decay
• what did Louis Pasteur think germs did?

  cause disease
• when did Louis Pasteur conduct his experiment?

  1861
• when did Louis Pasteur publish the results for his experiment?

  1878 (17 years later)
• what was Pasteur trying to disprove?

  spontaneous generation
• why did germ theory have limited influence?

  • Pasteur was not a doctor
  • people refused to recognise the link between germs and disease
  • more well respected doctors promoted other ideas
• what did Robert koch do?

  stained microbes with industrial dyes
• what did staining microbes do?

  showed that different germs caused different diseases
• who was Robert koch?

  a German scientist
• how many new diseases did koch discover?

  21
• what bacteria did koch discover and when?

  TB in 1882
• when did koch win a Nobel prize?

  1905
• what animals did koch test on?

  mice and chickens
• what did koch do to the mice and chickens?

  • injected mice with anthrax bacteria
  • injected chicken with cholera
  • this made them immune
• Koch influenced many people such as Roberts, Tyndall and Cheyenne
• due to kochs work doctors began to study the disease rather than the symptoms
• what was koch named?

  father of bacteriology
• how many hospitals were left after Henry VIII dissolved the monastries and where were they all?

  5 in london
• as more people began to attend hospitals they became more unsanitary and refused less infectious people
• what did Florence nightingale do?

  train nurses in hygiene and promoted cleanliness and sanitation in hospitals
• what did nightingale follow?

  pavilion plan
• what was nightingale nicknamed?

  lady of the lamp
• what were some steps nightingale followed?

  • cleaned everywhere
  • good food
  • fresh sheets
  • ventilation
  • beds 2m apart