CP12-13

• What does kinetic theory explain about matter?

  Atoms are arranged in three states
• What happens to particles when a state changes?

  Particles end up in a different arrangement
• What remains constant during a physical change in state?

  The number of particles remains the same
• What is density defined as?

  Mass of a substance in a certain volume
• In which state are most substances densest?

  Solid states
• What is the formula for density?

  $\rho =$$\frac{m}{V}$
• What happens to thermal energy when a system is heated?

  It is stored as thermal energy
• What increases as solids are heated?

  The vibration and temperature increase
• What does temperature measure in particles?

  The speed of the particles
• What factors affect thermal energy stored?

  Mass, temperature, and material composition
• What remains constant during a state change?

  The temperature of the material
• What is energy used for during a state change?

  To overcome forces between particles
• What does the temperature of a gas measure?

  The average kinetic energy of gas particles
• What causes gas pressure?

  Collisions of gas particles with walls
• How does temperature affect gas particle movement?

  Higher temperature means faster particle movement
• How is pressure measured?

  In Pascals (Pa)
• What happens to gas pressure as temperature increases?

  Pressure also increases
• What is Absolute Zero?

  The temperature at which pressure is zero
• What is the value of Absolute Zero in Kelvin?

  0 Kelvin
• What is the conversion from Celsius to Kelvin?

  $K =$$°C +$$273$
• What is the conversion from Kelvin to Celsius?

  $°C =$$K - 273$
• What happens to the force needed to stretch a spring?

  It increases as the extension increases
• What is the formula for force in relation to spring constant?

  $F =$$k \times x$
• What is the unit of spring constant?

  N/m
• What is the energy transferred when stretching a spring called?

  Work done
• What is the formula for energy transferred when stretching a spring?

  $E =$$\frac{1}{2} \times k \times x^2$
• What are the measurement prefixes and their powers of ten?

  • Tera- (10¹²)
  • Giga- (10⁹)
  • Mega- (10⁶)
  • Kilo- (10³)
  • (1)
  • Centi- (10^-2)
  • Milli- (10^-3)
  • Micro- (10^-6)
  • Nano- (10^-9)
  • Pico- (10^-12)
• How do you convert between measurement prefixes?

  • Divide or multiply by 1000 for each step
  • Use the power of ten for conversions
• What does kinetic theory explain about matter?

  Arrangement of atoms in states of matter
• What happens to particles during a change of state?

  Particles end up in a different arrangement
• What remains constant during a change of state?

  The number of particles remains the same
• What is density defined as?

  Mass of a substance in a certain volume
• In which state are most substances densest?

  Solid states
• What is the formula for density?

  $\rho =$$\frac{m}{V}$
• What happens to thermal energy when heating a system?

  It is stored as thermal energy
• What occurs to solids as they are heated?

  The vibration and temperature increase
• What does temperature measure in particles?

  The speed of the particles
• What factors affect thermal energy stored?

  Mass, temperature, and material composition
• What remains constant during a state change?

  The temperature of the material
• What is energy used for during a state change?

  To overcome forces between particles