Hormonal Coordination

• What is the endocrine system?

  System of glands that secrete hormones
• How do the effects of the endocrine system compare to those of the nervous system?

  Endocrine effects are slower but last longer
• Where is the pituitary gland located?

  In the brain
• Which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

  The pancreas
• Which hormones interact to regulate blood glucose levels?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What is the cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas produces insufficient insulin
• What is the cause of Type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells no longer respond to insulin
• What is the function of the kidneys?

  Filter and reabsorb useful substances from the blood, and produce urine to excreted excess water, ions, and urea
• How are excess amino acids excreted from the body?

  Deaminated to form ammonia in the liver, ammonia is converted to urea and excreted
• Which hormone controls the water level in the body?

  ADH
• How is kidney failure treated?

  Organ transplant or kidney dialysis
• What is the function of FSH?

  Causes eggs to mature in the ovaries and stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
• What is the function of LH?

  Stimulates the release of an egg
• What is the function of oestrogen?

  Causes lining of uterus wall to thicken
• What are the methods of hormonal contraception?

  • Oral contraceptives
  • Injection
  • Implant
  • Skin patch
• What are the disadvantages of IVF treatment?

  • Emotionally and physically stressful
  • Low success rate
  • Can lead to risky multiple births
• What is the function of adrenaline in the body?

  Increases heart rate and boosts oxygen delivery and glucose to brain and muscles to prepare the body for 'fight or flight'
• What is the function of thyroxine in the body?

  Stimulates basal metabolic rate for growth and development
• What is geotropism?

  Orientation and growth in response to gravity
• What is phototropism?

  Orientation and growth in response to light
• What are the uses of gibberellins in agriculture?

  End seed dormancy, promote flowering, increase fruit size