4.2.3 Research Methods

• What are two factors to consider when using the sign test?

  Data must be nominal and related.
• Why is the sign test appropriate for nominal data?

  It only requires the direction of change.
• How many nominal groups were in the investigation?

  Three nominal groups.
• Why must the data be related or paired for the sign test?

  It compares the same participants' absences.
• What is the calculated value of s in the sign test?

  4 (negative sign).
• How is the s value determined in the sign test?

  By counting the less frequent sign.
• What does the sign test exclude when calculating s?

  Neutral results.
• What is the critical value for a sample size of 18 at the 0.05 level?


  4.
• Is the calculated s value significant at the 0.05 level?

  Yes, it equals the critical value.
• How would using primary data improve the investigation?

  It ensures accuracy and consistency in data.
• What is a benefit of collecting primary data regarding absences?

  It provides real-time, reliable information.
• What additional information could be gathered through primary data?

  Severity of depression and other factors.
• How does primary data ensure appropriate sample characteristics?

  It tailors the sample to the study's purpose.
• What are the economic implications of psychological research?

  Increased productivity and reduced healthcare costs.
• How does improved mental health affect workforce participation?

  It increases likelihood of staying employed.
• What were the researchers' aims in the colour study?

  To explore colour effects on mental processing.
• What is the purpose of the introduction section of a report?

  To provide background and state aims.
• What does validity refer to in research?

  Accuracy and meaningfulness of findings.
• What is one practical application of the colour study findings?

  Improving performance in educational settings.
• Why did researchers use independent judges to rate toys?

  To reduce bias and ensure objectivity.
• What is a benefit of a double-blind test in research?

  It reduces demand characteristics in results.
• What are the standardised instructions for participants in the experiment?

  • Present shapes to participants
  • Task suitable for ages 5-11
  • Duration: 10 minutes
  • No interaction allowed
  • Independent judges will assess
  • Participants can withdraw anytime