communication tech

• how has ICT development impacted globalisation


  reduced communication costs and increased global information flows
• what was developed in ICT in 1860s


  trans-atlantic telegraph cable, replacing a 3 week boat journey with an instant morse code message
• what was developed in ICT in 1980s


  personal computers (PC's) and the internet

  -allowed huge amounts of digital information to be shared and transported
• what was developed in ICT in 2000s


  fibre optic cables

  -increased speed and volume of data
• how does satelite navigation help reduce costs


  -reduces vehicles getting lost and the cost incurred when that happens
• how does satelite navigation work


  global positioning systems triangulate locations from satelites constantly broadcasting information, delivery vehicles constantly broadcast their location which can be triangulated and tracked
• how did mobile phones impact communication


  allowed people to communicate beyond landline networks
• example of economic globalisation


  in-store barcode recording automatically orders replacement products from a distant supplier which reduces warehouse and transport costs

  
  

  electronic banking which can extend capital flows beyond physical banking networks

  - e-banking also allows migrants to transmit remittances back to family
• what are remittances


  transfer of money from foreign worker to their home country
• examples of social globalisation


  the development of social media

  -enables much cheaper communication between friends and family than landline phone

  
  

  since 2003, development of skype and facetime has allowed cheap face to face communication, migrants can maintain stronger bonds with family
• examples of cultural globalisation

  cassette recorders, mp3 players, iphones

  -enabled a rapid transferre of music and video eg south korean k-pop 'Psy's' 1.8billion online views of gangnam style in 2012

  
  

  tncs bring foreign culture and styles and products

  eg, macdonalds and creating a global 'macCulture
• examples of political globalisation


  social networks can be used to spread political views/messages/campaigns
• what does globalisation allow


  economic specialisation
• what is economic specialisation


  a country focuses on production of goods/services that it can produce more efficiently which lowers production costs
• how does the focus of specialisation get determined


  it is determined by by the countrys specific mix of natural rescources (land), labour (people) and technology (capital)
• what does specialisation allow


  increase in global output

  increase in choice

  
  

  = raises QoL
• what does globalisation reduce


  self sufficiency
• what does globalisation increase


  inter-dependance - a mutual reliance on inputs from other countries
• what does inter-depedance cause


  may reduce resilience as it increases the vunerability to shocks elsewhere in the world eg a natural disaster

  
  

  however, may also increase resilience as when a shock happens in your country you are still able to access products from around the world