Applied science unit 5 exam

• How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

  Add 273
• What is the value of 1 kilowatt (kW) in watts?

  1000 watts
• What is the value of 1 megawatt (MW) in watts?

  10⁶ watts
• What is the value of 1 gigawatt (GW) in watts?

  10⁹ watts
• What is pressure defined as?

  Force per unit area
• What is work done in physics?

  Energy transferred from one form to another
• What does the law of conservation of energy state?

  Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• What is a heat engine?

  Device converting thermal energy into work
• What does internal energy refer to?

  Sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles
• What is the equation for internal energy?

  Q = ∆U + ∆W
• What does + W indicate in the internal energy equation?

  Work done on the system
• What does - W indicate in the internal energy equation?

  Work done by the system
• What is an isothermal process?

  Process keeping temperature constant
• What is an adiabatic process?

  No thermal energy added or released
• What is the Carnot cycle?

  Series of four thermodynamic processes
• What are the steps of the Carnot cycle?

  1. Adiabatic Compression - Zero heat transfer
  2. Isothermal Expansion - Heat absorbed
  3. Adiabatic Expansion - Zero heat transfer
  4. Isothermal Compression - Heat released
• What does the second law of thermodynamics state?

  Energy transfer increases entropy of universe
• What is the COP equation?

  COP = T hot / (T hot - T cold)
• What does COP represent in heat pumps?

  Ratio of energy transferred for heating
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Energy to raise 1kg by 1°C
• What is specific latent heat?

  Energy to change state of 1kg
• What is fusion in thermodynamics?

  Energy to change solid to liquid
• What is vaporisation in thermodynamics?

  Energy to change liquid to gas
• What is condensation?

  Change from gas phase to liquid phase
• What is thermal capacity?

  Energy causing 1 kelvin temperature change
• What does Boyle's law state?

  Volume decreases, pressure increases
• What is the pressure-temperature law?

  Pressure and temperature are directly proportional
• What is the volume-temperature law?

  Volume and temperature are directly proportional
• What is elasticity?

  Property to regain original shape
• What does the straight line in the stress-strain graph represent?

  Material obeying Hooke's law
• What is the limit of proportionality?

  Point where Hooke's law stops applying
• What is the elastic limit?

  Maximum tensile stress with full recovery
• What is plastic deformation?

  Permanently changing shape after yield strength
• What is yield strength?

  Point where permanent deformation begins
• What is the difference between stress-strain graphs and force-extension graphs?

  Stress-strain graphs show general material behavior
• What is strength in materials science?

  Ability to withstand applied stress
• What does UTS stand for?

  Ultimate tensile strength
• What is the difference in a stress-strain graph for brittle materials?

  Brittle materials fracture without plastic deformation
• What is creep?

  Gradual strain increase under constant stress
• What is fatigue in materials science?

  Weakness from repeated loading and unloading