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Biology
plant responses
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Cards (56)
How do plants respond to their environment?
Like all
living things
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How do plant responses compare to animal responses?
They are
slower
and less obvious
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What factors do plants respond to?
Water, light,
gravity
, and touch
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Which plant reacts very quickly to stimuli?
Venus flytrap
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What are the external factors affecting plant responses?
Temperature
Day Length
Light Intensity
Gravity
CO2 Concentration
Water
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What happens to enzyme activity in colder temperatures?
It is
low
and
growth
is
minimal
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What occurs if temperatures exceed 40 degrees Celsius?
Enzymes can become
denatured
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What can happen if winter is unusually warm?
Plants may start to
grow
and get frost damage
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What does an increase in day length signal to plants?
To prepare for
growth
and reproduction
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What does decreasing day length in autumn signal to plants?
To
produce seeds
and ripen fruit
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How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?
More
light increases
the
rate
of
photosynthesis
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What is the growth direction of plant roots and shoots?
Roots grow
downwards
, shoots grow
upwards
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Why do roots grow towards gravity?
To absorb
water
and minerals
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How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?
More
CO2
increases the rate of photosynthesis
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What happens to a plant if it cannot obtain enough water?
It wilts and closes its
stomata
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How can plants communicate water shortage to neighbors?
By signaling to close their
stomata
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What are the main internal factors that regulate plant growth?
Growth regulators (
plant hormones
)
Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Abscisic acid
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What is a tropism?
A growth change in response to a
stimulus
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What is a positive growth response in plants?
Growth towards the
stimulus
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What is phototropism?
Growth in response to
light
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How do shoots respond to light?
They bend towards the light
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How do roots respond to light?
They
grow away
from
the
light
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What is geotropism?
Growth in response to
gravity
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How do roots respond to gravity?
They
grow
towards
gravity
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How do shoots respond to gravity?
They
grow
against
gravity
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What is thigmotropism?
Growth in response to touch
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How do tendrils of pea plants respond to touch?
They
grow
around
objects
they
touch
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What is hydrotropism?
Growth in response to
water
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How do roots respond to water?
They
grow
towards
water
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How do shoots respond to water?
They
grow
away
from
water
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What is chemotropism?
Growth in response to
chemicals
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How does the pollen tube respond during reproduction?
It grows towards the
ovary
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What is a growth regulator?
A
chemical
that controls plant growth
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What are the two categories of growth regulators?
Growth Promoters
– increase growth
Growth Inhibitors
– inhibit growth
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How are plant growth regulators transported?
Via the
vascular system
,
phloem
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How do plant growth regulators compare to animal hormones?
Similar in
chemical nature
and function
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What is the most common natural auxin?
Indole acetic acid (IAA)
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Where is IAA produced?
In
apical meristems
,
young leaves
,
seeds
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What are the effects of auxins?
Stem
elongation
, root and
shoot growth
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How do auxins cause phototropism?
By
diffusing
to the shaded side of the shoot
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