Spain

• What was one of the aims of Elizabeth I regarding marriage?


  To avoid war
• Why did Elizabeth I want to limit the Auld Alliance?


  To prevent a Catholic crusade
• Who was Robert Dudley?


  A suitor of Elizabeth I
• What was Cecil's stance on Robert Dudley as a suitor for Elizabeth I?


  Cecil was against Dudley due to political risk
• What was Philip of Spain's approach to marriage with Elizabeth I?


  He lacked serious intent
• What was a major issue regarding Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, as a suitor?


  Religion was a major issue
• What condition did Emperor Ferdinand expect from Elizabeth regarding Charles, Archduke of Austria?


  That Charles would succeed her if she died childless
• When did negotiations with Charles, Archduke of Austria, take place?


  Between 1559 and 1568
• What was the religious affiliation of Prince Erik of Sweden?


  He was Protestant
• What was the significance of Francis, Duke of Alençon (Anjou), in the 1570s?

  He represented a potential English and French alliance
• Who opposed the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to the Dauphin?


  The Lords of the Congregation
• What did Mary of Guise maintain about the motives of the Lords of the Congregation?


  That their motives were secular in part
• What happened by July 1559 regarding the Lords of the Congregation?


  They had taken Edinburgh
• What did Cecil threaten if Elizabeth did not help the Lords of the Congregation?


  He threatened to resign
• What was the purpose of the Treaty of Berwick in 1560?


  To send an English army to aid the Scots
• Who were the key figures mentioned in the Treaty of Berwick?

  Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Arran
• What was agreed upon in the Treaty of Edinburgh in July 1560?


  All land and naval forces would withdraw from Scotland
• What was the outcome of the blockade of Leith?


  It failed, and weather forced a French retreat
• What happened to Mary of Guise after the blockade of Leith?


  She died
• What was the significance of Francis II's death in 1560?


  His son became king at the age of 14
• When did Mary Queen of Scots return to Scotland?


  In 1561
• What was the conflict that began in March 1562 in France?


  A conflict between Catholics and Huguenots
• What was Robert Dudley's intention regarding the Prince of Condé?


  To support him
• What was the outcome of the Treaty of Hampton Court?


  England sent 6,000 men and loaned £30,000
• What happened to the Huguenot army during the conflict?


  They were defeated, and Condé was captured
• What happened to the Duke of Guise during the conflict?


  He was assassinated
• When did England withdraw from Le Havre?


  In 1563
• Who did Mary Queen of Scots marry on July 29, 1565?


  Lord Darnley
• What was Lord Darnley's character like?


  He was a drunk and violent man
• What happened to David Rizzio in 1566?


  He was stabbed 56 times by Darnley
• When was James VI of Scotland born?


  On June 19, 1566
• What happened to Darnley eight months after James's birth?


  He was murdered
• Who was suspected of Darnley's murder?

  James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
• What significant event occurred on May 15, 1567?


  Mary married Bothwell
• What was the reaction of the 26 Scottish peers known as the Confederate Lords to Mary and Bothwell?


  They turned against Mary and Bothwell
• What happened to Mary on July 24, 1567?


  She was forced to abdicate in favor of her son James
• When did Mary flee to England?


  In May 1568
• Who suggested marriage to Elizabeth in 1559?


  Phillip II of Spain
• What was the nature of Phillip's proposal to Elizabeth?


  It was not a serious proposal
• How did the relationship between Elizabeth and Phillip change in the 1560s?


  It became more hostile