Lifestyle Diseases

• What is atherosclerosis?

  Fatty plaque development in arterial walls
• What is cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

  All diseases of the heart and circulation
• What is the main cause of death in the western world?

  Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
• What does atherosclerosis lead to in arteries?

  Narrowing of the lumen and hardening
• What is the first indicator of chronic high blood pressure?

  Hypertension
• What does coronary heart disease result from?

  Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries
• What happens when blood flow to the cardiac muscle is reduced?

  Angina or heart attack may occur
• What occurs if a blood clot blocks a coronary artery?

  It cuts off oxygen supply to the heart
• What is a stroke caused by?

  Blockage or bursting of a blood vessel
• What type of stroke is most common?

  Ischaemic stroke
• What is the fourth largest cause of death in the UK?

  Stroke
• How does a sedentary lifestyle affect coronary heart disease risk?

  It almost doubles the risk of fatal heart attack
• What are the effects of regular training on cardiovascular health?

  • Reduces blood lipids and cholesterol
  • Prevents hardening of arterial walls
  • Decreases blood viscosity
  • Increases coronary circulation
  • Reduces cardiac hypertrophy
  • Decreases body fat
  • Increases blood flow and oxygen transport
  • Reduces stroke risk by 27 percent
• What is the definition of a heart attack?

  Blockage in a coronary artery
• What do HDL and LDL cholesterol do?

  HDL removes cholesterol; LDL deposits it
• What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

  Umbrella term for respiratory diseases
• What are the symptoms of COPD?

  Coughing, breathing difficulty, chest infections
• What is the biggest risk factor for respiratory disease?

  Smoking
• How does physical activity affect respiratory disease?

  It has a significant preventative effect
• What are the effects of regular training on respiratory health?

  • Increases respiratory muscle strength
  • Decreases frequency of breathing
  • Increases airflow with inspiratory muscle training
  • Maintains lung tissue elasticity
  • Maximizes efficiency of gaseous exchange
• What is exercise-induced asthma (EIA)?

  Asthma triggered by exercise conditions
• What can alleviate the effects of EIA?

  Warm-ups and inspiratory muscle training
• How long does a warm-up protect against EIA?

  Approximately two hours
• What is the impact of COPD on lung tissue?

  Leads to permanent changes and damage
• What is the role of inspiratory muscle training (IMT)?

  To increase airflow and alleviate breathlessness
• What is the effect of a sedentary lifestyle on lung tissue?

  Limits use of lower lobes, increasing infection risk
• What is the relationship between smoking and respiratory disease?

  Smoking significantly increases respiratory disease risk
• What are the symptoms of asthma?

  Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing
• What can trigger exercise-induced asthma?

  Cold air or chemicals in water
• What is the effect of regular training on asthma symptoms?

  It decreases respiratory effort and symptoms
• What is the purpose of a warm-up before exercise?

  To prepare the body and reduce injury risk
• How does training affect blood viscosity?

  It decreases blood viscosity and resistance
• What is the impact of training on body fat?

  It decreases body fat and helps manage weight
• How does training affect cardiac hypertrophy?

  It reduces cardiac hypertrophy and strain on the heart
• What is the effect of training on coronary circulation?

  It increases coronary circulation and artery density
• What is the relationship between exercise and blood pressure?

  Exercise helps lower blood pressure
• How does training affect oxygen transportation to muscle cells?

  It increases oxygen transportation and reduces fatigue
• What is the effect of a high-fat diet on atherosclerosis?

  It accelerates the development of atherosclerosis
• How does stress affect cardiovascular disease risk?

  It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
• What role does age play in cardiovascular disease risk?

  Increasing age increases the risk of CVD