Ass 2

• Lines

  • are an essential part of a drawing.
  • come in various thicknesses and shapes, each with its meaning.
• alphabet of lines


  sometimes known as line symbols
• Drawing

  • is made up of various lines.
  • Each line signifies something different: a surface, a surface extension, the center of a hole, or a line with dimensions on it.
  • Each line type is drawn with a distinct line weight to make the design easier to read and understand.
• Different Kinds of Lines:

  • Visible line
  • Hidden line
  • Center line
  • Short-break line
  • Leader line
  • Phantom line
  • Extension line
  • Section line
  • Extension line
  • Dimension line
  • Long-break line
• Short-break line


  It is a thick line drawn freehand to depict features that have been chopped off or broken off a portion.
• Leader line


  It consists of a short, angled line with an arrowhead at one end that is horizontal to the other.
• Phantom line.


  It is a narrow line formed by two short dashes and one long dash that indicates the position(s) of a moving portion of an item.
• Cutting-plane line.

  • This thick line represents an imagined cut across an item that runs down the line.
  • An arrowhead breaks two long dashes at one end, and two short dashes are drawn in between the long dashes.
• Visible line


  The object line is a thick line that displays the visible boundaries or contour of the item.
• Hidden line.


  It is a medium-thick line made of dashes around 2-3 mm long with 1-2 mm wide spacing between dashes.
• Center line

  • It is a thin line made up of two long dashes and two short dashes drawn alternately with at least 2 mm in between;
  • it indicates the axis center or symmetrical forms such as a ball, washer, rectangular block, or cube.
• Section line

  • It is a thin line that shows the sliced surface;
  • it is uniformly placed at 45° with the horizontal to create a darkened look.
• Extension line


  It is a thin line extending from the item to indicate dimension limitations.
• Dimension line


  It is a narrow line with an arrowhead at one end that is used to denote the object's dimensions.
• Long-break line

  • It is a medium-thick line made up of alternate broken and straight lines.
  • This is sometimes referred to as the limiting line.
  • This reduces the length of an extended item without affecting its view size.
• Types of Lines

  A) Construction

  B) Visible

  C) Hidden

  D) Center

  E) Dimension

  F) Extension

  G) Phantom

  H) Long break

  I) Short break

  J) Cutting-plane/Viewing-plane

  K) Section

  L) Chain

  
• Architectural Symbols

  • are essential in any architectural design since they assist in specifying features such as floor levels, lighting kinds, and service locations.
  • Using the proper symbols for appliances (and plumbing fixtures) as well as those commonly associated with structures (symbolizing electrical wiring and structural support) creates an easy-to-read and easy-to-use drawing.
• Architectural Blueprint Symbols


  House plans require a lot of consultation among stakeholders such as developers, builders, and project managers, and understanding these symbols provides a guideline to the relevant parties on how to comply with built regulatory requirements.
• Common Features of a House Plan:

  • a house plan contains several parts that serve different functions that act as a guide in understanding and reading the plan
  • Though some designers may include little bits here and there, most of the time a standard format is being followed.
  • Title block
  • Scale
  • Orientation
  • Callouts
  • Walls, windows, and doors
• Title block

  • As the name indicates, it is the part of a house plan that specifies what the plan is for, including:
  • (1) a drawing number,
  • (2) the revision of the drawing you are holding,
  • (3) the address where the structure will be built,
  • (4) the name and other details of the client,
  • (5) the name of the person that drafted the plan, and
  • (6) the date.
• Scale

  • is used when drawing floor and house plans.
  • It is the representation of the actual size specifications required to be built.
  • The scale used usually represents the ratio (1:200) or by block.
• Orientation. 

  • House plans and other diagrams must indicate the direction related to the structure to be built.
  • For consistency, other drawings to be used for the same project must follow the same orientation.
• Callouts. 


  Callouts are the symbols used to infer that additional details on certain parts of the plans are included in separate diagrams or layouts.
• Walls, windows, and doors. 


  In a house plan, the walls are the most prominent using parallel lines which are solid and reinforced using symbols for doors, represented with a break of the parallel lines as walls.
• How to read a floor plan

  • House plans, layouts, and other diagrams are most of the time easy to understand.
  • However, the same as other architectural plans and blueprints, abbreviations are needed for the construction of these plans.
  • The best way is to learn these abbreviations and symbols to understand better the plans provided.