Technological Innovations

Cards (47)

  • Who described the use of the magnetic compass for navigation?
    Alexander Neckham
  • What was the original purpose of the magnetic compass?
    Fortune telling in China
  • How did the astrolabe improve navigation for sailors?
    It determined latitude from the equator
  • What type of ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century?
    Caravel
  • How did cartography improve navigation during this period?
    It enhanced mapmaking and navigation skills
  • What demographic pressures pushed Europeans into exploration and trade?
    Population growth and land ownership issues
  • What were the two main motives for European activity in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century?
    Wealth and new converts
  • What role did women play in Southeast Asian trade?
    They handled markets and money-changing
  • Who was the leading figure in developing naval technology in Portugal?
    Prince Henry the Navigator
  • What is an astronomical chart?
    A map of stars and galaxies
  • How did the lateen sail improve navigation?
    It allowed sailing in multiple directions
  • What was the impact of combining European navigational techniques with those from other cultures?
    It led to rapid exploration and global trade
  • What invention aided Europeans in their conquests abroad?
    Gunpowder
  • How did Islam spread rapidly in North Africa?
    Through the growth of the Abbasid Empire
  • Who visited Western Europe to observe military and naval technology?
    Tsar Peter the Great
  • What were the long-term results of advancements in navigation and trade?
    • Expansion of exploration
    • Growth of global trade
    • Development of maritime empires
    • Increased cultural interactions
  • What were the primary users and purposes of the three types of ships developed during this period?
    • Carrack: Portugal, trade
    • Caravel: Portuguese and Spanish, long voyages
    • Fluyt: Dutch, trade
  • How did cross-cultural interactions influence European naval technology?
    • Shared knowledge from Islamic and Asian sailors
    • Adoption of Chinese innovations
    • Integration of classical Greek navigation techniques
  • What were the economic and governmental themes related to technological innovations?
    • Economics: Primogeniture laws, Omani-European rivalry
    • Government: Development of maritime empires
  • Who described the use of the magnetic compass for navigation?
    Alexander Neckham
  • What was the original purpose of the magnetic compass?
    Fortune telling in China
  • How did the astrolabe improve navigation for sailors?
    It determined latitude from the equator
  • What type of ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century?
    Caravel
  • How did cartography improve navigation?
    It enhanced mapmaking and knowledge of currents
  • What demographic pressures pushed Europeans into exploration and trade?
    Population growth and land ownership issues
  • What were the two main motives for European activity in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century?
    Wealth and new converts
  • What role did women play in Southeast Asian trade?
    They handled markets and money-changing
  • How did Newton's discovery of gravitation benefit sailors?
    It helped predict tides and water depth
  • What is an astronomical chart?
    A map of stars and galaxies
  • How did the lateen sail improve navigation?
    It allowed sailing in multiple directions
  • What is the typical length of a carrack?
    150 feet
  • What was the primary purpose of the fluyt ship?
    Trade
  • What long-term result did the combination of navigational techniques lead to?
    Rapid expansion of exploration and global trade
  • What invention aided Europeans in their conquests abroad?
    Gunpowder
  • How did Islam spread rapidly in North Africa?
    Through the growth of the Abbasid Empire
  • Who visited Western Europe in 1697 to observe military technology?
    Tsar Peter the Great
  • What were the key technological innovations in navigation during 1450 to 1750?
    • Magnetic compass
    • Astrolabe
    • Caravel
    • Lateen sail
    • Improved cartography
  • What were the main demographic factors influencing European exploration?
    • Population growth
    • Primogeniture laws
    • Religious minorities seeking tolerance
    • Desire for adventure and glory
  • What were the primary trade goods exchanged between continents?
    • From Americas: sugar, tobacco, rum
    • From Africa: enslaved people
    • From Asia: silk, spices, rhubarb
  • How did European naval technology evolve through cross-cultural interactions?
    • Combined classical Greek navigation with Islamic advancements
    • Influenced by Chinese innovations
    • Supported by figures like Prince Henry the Navigator