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4Transoceanic Interconnections
4.1 Technological Innovations
Technological Innovations
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Cards (47)
Who described the use of the magnetic compass for navigation?
Alexander Neckham
What was the original purpose of the magnetic compass?
Fortune telling
in China
How did the astrolabe improve navigation for sailors?
It determined
latitude
from the
equator
What type of ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century?
Caravel
How did cartography improve navigation during this period?
It enhanced
mapmaking
and navigation skills
What demographic pressures pushed Europeans into exploration and trade?
Population growth
and
land ownership
issues
What were the two main motives for European activity in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century?
Wealth
and
new converts
What role did women play in Southeast Asian trade?
They handled
markets
and
money-changing
Who was the leading figure in developing naval technology in Portugal?
Prince Henry the Navigator
What is an astronomical chart?
A map of
stars
and galaxies
How did the lateen sail improve navigation?
It
allowed
sailing
in
multiple
directions
What was the impact of combining European navigational techniques with those from other cultures?
It led to rapid
exploration
and global trade
What invention aided Europeans in their conquests abroad?
Gunpowder
How did Islam spread rapidly in North Africa?
Through the growth of the
Abbasid Empire
Who visited Western Europe to observe military and naval technology?
Tsar Peter the Great
What were the long-term results of advancements in navigation and trade?
Expansion of exploration
Growth of global trade
Development of
maritime
empires
Increased cultural interactions
What were the primary users and purposes of the three types of ships developed during this period?
Carrack: Portugal, trade
Caravel: Portuguese and Spanish, long voyages
Fluyt: Dutch, trade
How did cross-cultural interactions influence European naval technology?
Shared knowledge from
Islamic
and
Asian
sailors
Adoption of Chinese innovations
Integration of classical Greek navigation techniques
What were the economic and governmental themes related to technological innovations?
Economics:
Primogeniture
laws,
Omani-European
rivalry
Government: Development of
maritime empires
Who described the use of the magnetic compass for navigation?
Alexander Neckham
What was the original purpose of the magnetic compass?
Fortune telling
in China
How did the astrolabe improve navigation for sailors?
It determined
latitude
from the
equator
What type of ship was developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century?
Caravel
How did cartography improve navigation?
It enhanced
mapmaking
and knowledge of currents
What demographic pressures pushed Europeans into exploration and trade?
Population growth
and land ownership issues
What were the two main motives for European activity in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century?
Wealth
and
new converts
What role did women play in Southeast Asian trade?
They
handled
markets
and
money-changing
How did Newton's discovery of gravitation benefit sailors?
It helped predict
tides
and water depth
What is an astronomical chart?
A map of
stars
and galaxies
How did the lateen sail improve navigation?
It allowed sailing in multiple
directions
What is the typical length of a carrack?
150 feet
What was the primary purpose of the fluyt ship?
Trade
What long-term result did the combination of navigational techniques lead to?
Rapid
expansion
of exploration and global trade
What invention aided Europeans in their conquests abroad?
Gunpowder
How did Islam spread rapidly in North Africa?
Through the growth of the
Abbasid Empire
Who visited Western Europe in 1697 to observe military technology?
Tsar Peter the Great
What were the key technological innovations in navigation during 1450 to 1750?
Magnetic compass
Astrolabe
Caravel
Lateen sail
Improved cartography
What were the main demographic factors influencing European exploration?
Population growth
Primogeniture
laws
Religious minorities seeking tolerance
Desire for adventure and glory
What were the primary trade goods exchanged between continents?
From
Americas
:
sugar
, tobacco, rum
From Africa:
enslaved
people
From
Asia
: silk, spices, rhubarb
How did European naval technology evolve through cross-cultural interactions?
Combined
classical Greek
navigation with
Islamic
advancements
Influenced by
Chinese
innovations
Supported by figures like
Prince Henry the Navigator
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