THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

• Who is a key figure in humanistic psychology?

  Carl Rogers
• What does Carl Rogers' theory focus on?

  Self-concept and human potential for growth
• When was Carl Rogers born?

  January 8, 1902
• Where was Carl Rogers born?

  Oak Park, Illinois, USA
• What degrees did Carl Rogers earn at Columbia University?

  Master's and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
• What type of therapy did Carl Rogers develop?

  Person-Centered Therapy
• What does Person-Centered Therapy emphasize?

  Empathy and client-led therapy
• Who was Carl Rogers married to?

  Helen Elliott
• How many children did Carl Rogers have?

  Two
• What hobbies did Carl Rogers enjoy in his free time?

  Nature and photography
• What are the core concepts of Person-Centered Theory?

  1. Self-Concept: Real Self vs. Ideal Self
  2. Conditions of Worth vs. Unconditional Positive Regard
  3. Congruence and Incongruence
  4. Importance of Empathy and Active Listening in Therapy
• What is the Real Self in Rogers' Self-Concept?


  Who you really are, including true feelings
• What is the Ideal Self in Rogers' Self-Concept?

  Who you wish to be based on aspirations
• What problems arise from a gap between Real Self and Ideal Self?

  Causes feelings of anxiety and distress
• What are Conditions of Worth?

  Expectations set by society for acceptance
• What does Unconditional Positive Regard mean?

  Being accepted for who you are without conditions
• What is Congruence in Rogers' theory?

  Harmony between real self and ideal self
• What is Incongruence in Rogers' theory?

  Gap between real self and ideal self
• How does congruence affect mental health?

  Promotes good mental health and authenticity
• How does incongruence affect personal growth?

  Hinders growth and fulfillment
• What skills did Rogers highlight as crucial in therapy?

  Empathy and active listening
• What does empathy mean in therapy?

  Understanding and sharing the client's feelings
• What is active listening in therapy?


  Fully focusing on what the client is saying
• How does a therapist demonstrate empathy?

  By normalizing the client's emotions
• How does a therapist demonstrate active listening?

  By reflecting back what the client shares
• What is the focus of the Person-Centered Therapeutic Approach?

  Client-therapist relationship
• What is the aim of the Person-Centered Therapeutic Approach?

  Help clients achieve self-actualization and congruence
• What is emphasized in the Person-Centered Therapeutic Approach?

  Unconditional positive regard
• What are the steps in the group activity for case study analysis?

  1. Form groups of 10-15 students.
  2. Distribute case studies illustrating core concepts.
  3. Analyze the case study in 20 minutes.
  4. Prepare a brief presentation summarizing analysis.
  5. Engage in class discussion after presentations.
• What does Rogers' theory emphasize about human potential?

  Human potential for growth and self-actualization
• What are the core principles of Rogers' theory?

  • Self-concept
  • Congruence
  • Empathy
  • Unconditional positive regard
• How are Rogers' principles valuable in everyday communication?

  They enhance understanding and relationships
• What is the acronym for McCrae and Costa's Five-Factor Trait Theory?

  OCEAN
• What does Openness refer to in the Five-Factor Trait Theory?

  Willingness to engage in new experiences
• What are example traits of high Openness?

  Creative, curious, imaginative
• What does Conscientiousness reflect in personality traits?

  Degree of organization and responsibility
• What are example traits of high Conscientiousness?

  Organized, responsible, reliable
• What does Extraversion measure in personality?

  Sociability and positive emotionality
• What are example traits of high Extraversion?

  Outgoing, sociable, energetic
• What does Agreeableness reflect in personality traits?

  Tendency to be cooperative and compassionate